NOVEL NANOSIZED FRICTION MODIFIERS FOR ENGINE, GEARBOX AND ROLLING BEARINGS LUBRICANTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7251/COMEN1501001SAbstract
In this paper the tribological performances of graphene oxide nanosheets in mineral oil under wide spectrum of conditions, from boundary and mixed lubrication to elastohydrodynamic regimes, are reported. Nanosheets of graphene oxide prepared by a modified Hummer method have been dispersed in Group I mineral oil. The formulated lubricant has been tested through a ball on disc setup tribometer to quantify the friction reduction with respect to the base mineral oil. The good friction and anti-wear properties of the graphene-oil mixture may possibly be attributed to the small structure of the nanosheets and their extremely thin laminated structure, which offer lower shear stress and prevent direct interaction between metal asperities in engine applications as well as gearbox environment. The results clearly prove that graphene platelets in oil easily form protective film to prevent the direct contact between steel surfaces and, thereby, improve the frictional behaviour of the base oil. This evidence is also related to the frictional coefficient trend in the boundary regime. Furthermore, hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites with different composition were successfully tested as antifriction and antiwear additives for grease lubricants as potential breakthrough media in rolling bearings applications.References
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[40] A. H. Church, et al. Carbon nanotube-based adaptive solid lubricant composites, Ad-vanced Science Letters, Vol. 5−1 (2012) 188−191.
[41] L. Shu, et al., Influence of adding carbon nanotubes and graphite to Ag-MoS2 composites on the electrical sliding wear properties, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, Vol. 23−1) (2010) 27−34.
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[46] K. Jeong-Hui, et al., The electrochemical properties of Li/TEGDME/MoS2 cells using multi-wall carbon nanotubes as a conducting agent, Research on Chemical In-termediates, Vol. 36 (2010) 749.
[47] A. B. Laursen, et al., Molybdenum sulfides-efficient and viable materials for electro- and photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5 (2012) 5577.
[48] J. Li, et al., The effect of CNT modifica-tion on the mechanical properties of polyimide composites with and without MoS2, Mechanics of Composite Materials, Vol. 47 (2011) 597.
[49] M. Levy, et al., Synthesis of inorganic fullerene-like nanostructures by concentrated solar and artificial light, Israel Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 50 (2010) 417.
[50] X. C. Song, et al., Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of CNT@MoS2 nanotubes, Materials Letters, Vol. 60 (2006) 2346–2348.
[51] L. Ma, et al., Carbon nanotubes coated with tubular MoS2 layers prepared by hydrothermal reaction, Nanotechnology, Vol. 17 (2006) 571.
[52] V. O. Koroteev, Growth of MoS2 layers on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Inorganic Materials, Vol. 43 (2007) 236.
[53] H. Shang, et al., States of carbon nanotube supported Mo-based HDS catalysts, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 88 (2007) 117.
[54] C. Altavilla, et al., New “chimie douce” approach to the synthesis of hybrid nanosheets of MoS2 on CNT and their anti-friction and anti-wear properties, Nanotechnology, Vol. 24 (2013) 125601.
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[56] V. D'Agostino, et al., Effects of the piezo-viscous lubricant properties on EHL line and point contact problems, Tribology Letters, Vol. 49−2 (2013) 385−396.
[57] A. Senatore, et al., Advances in piston rings modelling and design, Recent Patents on Engineering, Vol. 7−1 (2013) 51−67.
[58] L. Joly-Pottuz, et al., Friction properties of carbon nano-onions from experiment and computer simulations, Tribology Letters, Vol. 37−1 (2010) 75−81.
[59] O. Tevet, et al., Nanocompression of individual multilayered polyhedral nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, Vol. 21 (2010) 365705.
[60] O. Tevet, et al., Friction mechanism of individual multilayered nanoparticles, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108−50 (2010) 19901.
[61] G. Seifert, et al., Structure and electronic properties of MoS2 nanotubes, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85 (2000) 146–149.
[62] B. Derjaguin, et al., Electrostatic component of the rolling friction force moment, Wear, Vol. 7 (1964) 270−281.
[63] G. Liu, et al., Investigation of the Mending Effect and Mechanism of Copper Nano-Particles on a Tribologically Stressed Surface, Tribology Letters, Vol. 17−4 (2004) 961−966.
[64] F. Dassenoy, et al., Carbon nanotubes as advanced lubricant additives, in: Carbon Nanotubes, V. N. Popov and P. Lambin, Eds., vol. 222 of NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, pp. 237–238, 2006.
[2] L. J. Pottuz, et al., Ultralow-friction and wear properties of IF-WS2 under boundary lubrication, Tribology Letters, Vol. 18 (2005) 477−485.
[3] L. Yadgarov, et al., Tribological studies of rhenium doped fullerene-like MoS2 nanoparticles in boundary, mixed and elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication conditions, Wear, Vol. 297 (2013) 1103−1110.
[4] R. Rosentsveig, et al., Fullerene-like MoS2 Nanoparticles and Their Tribological Behavior, Tribology Letters, Vol. 36 (2009), 175−182.
[5] J. Wintterlin, et al., Graphene on metal surfaces, Surface Science, Vol. 603 (2009) 1841–1852.
[6] T. Ramanathan, et al., Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites, Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 3 (2008) 327−331.
[7] P. J. Bryant, et al., A study of mechanisms of graphite friction and wear, Wear, Vol. 7 (1964) 118−126.
[8] R. L. Fusaro, A study of mechanisms of graphite friction and wear, Wear, Vol. 53 (1979) 303−323.
[9] J. Tian, et al., The deintercalation effect of FeCl3-graphite intercalation compound in paraffin liquid lubrication, Tribology International, Vol. 30 (1997) 571−574.
[10] M. R. Hilton, et al., Structural and tribological studies of MoS2 solid lubricant films having tailored metal-multilayer nanostructures, Surface Coating Technology, Vol. 53 (1992) 13−23.
[11] J. Lin, et al., Modification of graphene platelets and their tribological properties as a lubricant additive, Tribology Letters, Vol. 41 (2011) 209−215.
[12] B. Bhushan, et al., Handbook of Tribology, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991.
[13] W. Zhang, et al., Tribological properties of oleic acid-modified graphene as lubricant oil additive, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 44 (2011) 205303.
[14] H. D. Huang, et al., An investigation on tribological properties of graphite nanosheets as oil additive, Wear, Vol. 261 (2006) 140−144.
[15] W. Hummers, et al., Preparation of graphitic oxide, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 80 (1958) 1339−1342.
[16] The history of Lonza's graphite powders, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 27 (1975) 59−69.
[17]C. Altavilla, P. Ciambelli, M. Sarno,
M. R. Nobile, C. Gnerre, E. Somma, V. D’Agostino, A. Senatore, V. Petrone, Tribological and rheological behaviour of lubricating greases with nanosized inorganic based additives, Conference Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Tribology, Ecotrib 2011 and 4th Vienna International Conf. on Nanotechnology Viennano, Vienna 2011, 903−908.
[18] M. Kalin, et al., The Stribeck curve and lubrication design for non-fully wetted surfaces, Wear, Vol. 267 (2009) 1232−1240.
[19] M. H. Cho, et al. Tribological properties of solid lubricants (graphite, Sb2S3, MoS2) for automotive brake friction materials, Wear, Vol. 260 (2006) 855−860.
[20] L. M. Malard, et al., Raman spectroscopy in graphene, Physic Reports, Vol. 473 (2009) 5−6.
[21] A. C. Ferrari, et al., Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: Disorder, electron-phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects, Solid State Communication, Vol. 143 (2007) 47−57.
[22] M. A. Pimenta, et al., Studying disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 9 (2007) 1276−1291.
[23] K. N. Kudin, et al., Raman Spectra of Graphite Oxide and Functionalized Graphene Sheets, Nano Letters, Vol. 8 (2008) 36−41.
[24] L. Joly-Pottuz, et al., Anti-wear and Friction Reducing Mechanisms of Carbon Nano-onions as Lubricant Additives, Tribology Letters, Vol. 30 (2008) 69−80.
[25] Y. Yao, et al., Tribological property of onion-like fullerenes as lubricant additive, Ma-terials Letters, Vol. 62 (2008) 2524.
[26] W. Zhao, et al., Tribological properties of fullerenes C60 and C70 microparticles, Materials Research, Vol. 11 (1996) 2749.
[27] R. Rosentsveig, et al. Fullerene-like MoS2 Nanoparticles and Their Tribological Beha-vior, Tribology Letters, Vol. 36 (2009) 175−182.
[28] S. Brown, et al. Bulk vs. Nanoscale WS2: Finite Size Effects and Solid-State Lubrication, Nano Letters, Vol. 7 (2007) 2365.
[29]V . Perfiliev, et al., A new way to feed nanoparticles to friction interfaces, Tribology Letters, Vol. 21 (2006) 89−93.
[30] F. Abate, A. Senatore, V. D'Agostino,
C. Leone, M. Sarno, P. Ciambelli, Tribological properties of carbon nanotubes as lubricant additives, Conference Proceedings of Nanotech Conference & Expo 2009, Houston, TX, United States, 2009, 3, 469.
[31] X. C. Song, et al., Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of CNT@MoS2 nanotubes, Materials Letters, Vol. 60 (2006) 2346–2348.
[32] M. Bar-Sadan, R. Tenne, Inorganic Nanotubes and Fullerene-Like Structures − From Synthesis to Applications, in: Inorganic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Applications and Perspectives (Eds C. Altavilla, E. Ciliberto) CRC press, 2011, Chapter 16.
[33] K. H. Hu, et al., The effect of mor-phology on the tribological properties of MoS2 in liquid paraffin, Tribology Letters, Vol. 40 (2011) 155−165.
[34] P. Ciambelli, C. Altavilla, M. Sarno,
Y. Siraw, V. Petrone, A. Senatore, M. R. Nobile,
E. Somma, C. Gnerre, Tribological and rheological properties of tungsten disulphide nanosheets as additive in lubricant mineral oil, Conference Proceedings of Int. Conference on Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials NanotechItaly 2010, Veneto Nanotech, Venezia, 2010, 177.
[35] C. M. Praveen Kumar, et al., Preparation and corrosion behavior of Ni and Ni-graphene composite coatings, Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 48 (2013) 1477–1483.
[36] H. J. Song, et al., Frictional behavior of oxide graphene nanosheets as water-base lubricant additive, Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, Vol. 105 (2011) 827.
[37] V. Eswaraiah, et al., Graphene-based engine oil nanofluids for tribological applications, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 3 (2011) 4221.
[38] L. Jinshan, et al., Modification of gra-phene platelets and their tribological properties as a lubricant additive, Tribology Letters, Vol. 41 (2011) 209.
[39] T. Chen, et al., Synthesis, characterization, and tribological behavior of oleic acid capped graphene oxide, Journal of Nanomaterials, Vol. 2014 (2014) 654145.
[40] A. H. Church, et al. Carbon nanotube-based adaptive solid lubricant composites, Ad-vanced Science Letters, Vol. 5−1 (2012) 188−191.
[41] L. Shu, et al., Influence of adding carbon nanotubes and graphite to Ag-MoS2 composites on the electrical sliding wear properties, Acta Metallurgica Sinica, Vol. 23−1) (2010) 27−34.
[42]X . Zhang, et al., Carbon nanotube-MoS2 composites as solid lubricants. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 1(3) (2009) 735−739.
[43] K. Miura, Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, American Scientific Publishers, Valencia, CA, 2004.
[44] Q. Wang, et al., Facilitated lithium sto-rage in MoS2 overlayers supported on coaxial carbon nanotubes, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111 (2007) 1675−1682.
[45] S. J. Ding, et al., Growth of MoS2 nanosheets on CNTs for lithium storage, Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 17 (2011) 13142–13145.
[46] K. Jeong-Hui, et al., The electrochemical properties of Li/TEGDME/MoS2 cells using multi-wall carbon nanotubes as a conducting agent, Research on Chemical In-termediates, Vol. 36 (2010) 749.
[47] A. B. Laursen, et al., Molybdenum sulfides-efficient and viable materials for electro- and photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5 (2012) 5577.
[48] J. Li, et al., The effect of CNT modifica-tion on the mechanical properties of polyimide composites with and without MoS2, Mechanics of Composite Materials, Vol. 47 (2011) 597.
[49] M. Levy, et al., Synthesis of inorganic fullerene-like nanostructures by concentrated solar and artificial light, Israel Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 50 (2010) 417.
[50] X. C. Song, et al., Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of CNT@MoS2 nanotubes, Materials Letters, Vol. 60 (2006) 2346–2348.
[51] L. Ma, et al., Carbon nanotubes coated with tubular MoS2 layers prepared by hydrothermal reaction, Nanotechnology, Vol. 17 (2006) 571.
[52] V. O. Koroteev, Growth of MoS2 layers on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Inorganic Materials, Vol. 43 (2007) 236.
[53] H. Shang, et al., States of carbon nanotube supported Mo-based HDS catalysts, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 88 (2007) 117.
[54] C. Altavilla, et al., New “chimie douce” approach to the synthesis of hybrid nanosheets of MoS2 on CNT and their anti-friction and anti-wear properties, Nanotechnology, Vol. 24 (2013) 125601.
[55] C. Altavilla, M. Sarno, P. Ciambelli, Pat. No. WO 2012042511A1 20120405.
[56] V. D'Agostino, et al., Effects of the piezo-viscous lubricant properties on EHL line and point contact problems, Tribology Letters, Vol. 49−2 (2013) 385−396.
[57] A. Senatore, et al., Advances in piston rings modelling and design, Recent Patents on Engineering, Vol. 7−1 (2013) 51−67.
[58] L. Joly-Pottuz, et al., Friction properties of carbon nano-onions from experiment and computer simulations, Tribology Letters, Vol. 37−1 (2010) 75−81.
[59] O. Tevet, et al., Nanocompression of individual multilayered polyhedral nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, Vol. 21 (2010) 365705.
[60] O. Tevet, et al., Friction mechanism of individual multilayered nanoparticles, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108−50 (2010) 19901.
[61] G. Seifert, et al., Structure and electronic properties of MoS2 nanotubes, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85 (2000) 146–149.
[62] B. Derjaguin, et al., Electrostatic component of the rolling friction force moment, Wear, Vol. 7 (1964) 270−281.
[63] G. Liu, et al., Investigation of the Mending Effect and Mechanism of Copper Nano-Particles on a Tribologically Stressed Surface, Tribology Letters, Vol. 17−4 (2004) 961−966.
[64] F. Dassenoy, et al., Carbon nanotubes as advanced lubricant additives, in: Carbon Nanotubes, V. N. Popov and P. Lambin, Eds., vol. 222 of NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, pp. 237–238, 2006.
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