ACADEMIC REVIEW

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLIGENT COMMERCE: TRANSFORMATION OF BUSINESS MODELS AND COMPETITION

Ljiljana Stanković — 2026-07-24

The aim of this paper is a theoretical consideration of the concept of intelligent commerce, which represents a new revolutionary phase in the development of contemporary trading organizations under conditions of intensive development of artificial intelligence. Accordingly, the impact of artificial intelligence on the transformation of business models, changes within the value chain, and the redefinition of competitive dynamics in commerce is analyzed. A theoretical-analytical approach is applied, with a focus on organizational learning and contemporary changes within trading organizations, along with the systematization of contemporary domestic and foreign literature, as well as the analysis of examples from the practice of advanced global trading companies. The results indicate that the application of artificial intelligence significantly changes operational processes in commerce, but also the logic of competition. The sustainable advantage of traders increasingly depends on rapid organizational learning, high-quality data, and the ability to operationalize analytical insights in real time. It is concluded that modern intelligent commerce implies a transition toward adaptive and self-improving systems that base their functioning on high-quality data.

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO WORKING WITH AT-RISK YOUTH: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Biljana Dimitrić — 2026-07-24

The aim of this paper is to analyze contemporary psychological and criminological approaches to working with youth at risk, with a particular focus on risk and protective factors, psychological support, and contemporary models for the prevention of risky and delinquent behavior. The study applied content analysis, comparative analysis, and synthesis of relevant scientific and professional literature in the fields of psychology, criminology, juvenile delinquency prevention and related social sciences. The results indicate that risky and delinquent behaviors arise through the cumulative interaction of individual and social risk factors, while protective factors, resilience, and psychological support play a significant preventive role. The findings also confirm the importance of early intervention, multisectoral cooperation, and restorative approaches in working with youth at risk. It is concluded that effective prevention requires the integration of psychological and criminological perspectives, as well as coordinated action by relevant social actors aimed at the successful reintegration of youth into the community.

GAME-BASED LEARNING AS A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE VOCABULARY ACQUISITION IN THE PRIMARY EDUCATION

Radmila Suzić — 2026-07-24

This study examines the effectiveness of game-based learning in improving vocabulary acquisition among fourth-grade EFL learners. The research was conducted in a public primary school in Novi Sad, Serbia, and involved 51 students divided into an experimental (N = 26) and a control group (N = 25). A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures was employed. The experimental group received vocabulary instruction through game-based activities, while the control group was taught using traditional methods. The results, analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests, showed no significant difference between the groups on the pre-test. However, the post-test results revealed a statistically significant advantage in favour of the experimental group, which also demonstrated greater overall improvement. The findings indicate that game-based learning is an effective approach to vocabulary instruction, enhancing learner engagement and retention in primary EFL contexts.

MODERN FORMS OF HYBRID THREATS AND THE RESPONSE OF SECURITY STRUCTURES

Filip Mirić — 2026-07-24

The subject of this paper is contemporary forms of hybrid threats and the response of security structures to them. In the first part of the paper, the author conceptually defines hybrid threats, analyzing their basic characteristics, mechanisms of emergence and action. This approach is especially important because hybrid warfare is not a new form of warfare, but rather a way of waging war with new means. In the second part of the paper, it is pointed out the possible responses of security services to modern forms of security threats. Hybrid warfare is a mechanism by which large and powerful states pursue their geopolitical interests. In order to preserve their statehood, sovereignty and statehood, small states must develop a sophisticated system of response to all modern hybrid threats. Without the proper scientific knowledge, this process is not possible. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance and connection of scientific knowledge and modern responses to hybrid security threats in the process of creating a truly effective security system.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN MARRIAGE USING THE FUZZY SIWEC METHOD

Jelena Brezić — 2026-07-24

The quality of interpersonal communication is one of the foundations of a functional and stable marriage. The aim of this work is to identify and determine the importance of factors that influence the quality of interpersonal communication in marriage using the fuzzy SIWEC (Simple Weight Calculation) method. The research was conducted on a sample of eight experts, who evaluated ten factors that influence the quality of interpersonal communication in marriage using linguistic values. Using the fuzzy SIWEC method, weighting coefficients were calculated for each factor that determined the importance of the selected factors. The results show that the level of mutual trust is the most important factor, followed by emotional stability, communication style and conflict management. The experts rated the level of education and digital communication as the least important factors. The obtained results show that interventions to improve marital relations should prioritize strengthening trust and emotional stability of partners. The contribution of this work is in connecting the methods of multi-criteria analysis with the psychology of family relationships, and in this way it is possible to rank certain factors and determine which factors influence the quality of interpersonal communication in marriage.

CARGO INSURANCE AND CARRIER LIABILITY AS MECHANISMS OF LEGAL PROTECTION IN INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT

Boro Krstić — 2026-07-24

International transport entails the exposure of goods to numerous risks that may result in their loss, damage, or delay in delivery, which reasonably raises the question of the legal protection of cargo owners. Although international and national regulations prescribe carrier liability for damage occurring during transport, this liability is in certain cases limited or excluded, which is why cargo insurance plays a significant role in ensuring comprehensive legal protection for participants in the transport of goods. The authors give particular attention to cargo insurance, carrier liability, and the international conventions governing this field. The differences between the protection achieved through insurance contracts and carrier liability based on international conventions are highlighted. The aim of this paper is to analyze their mutual relationship and significance for the protection of transport participants, and to point out the need for cargo insurance as a supplement to the principle of carrier liability. The paper applies the normative and dogmatic-legal method, as well as the method of analyzing relevant international conventions, legal regulations, and professional literature. The analysis shows that carrier liability provides a certain degree of legal protection for the injured party; however, cargo insurance provides more complete compensation and reduces the risk of financial loss. It is concluded that contractual cargo insurance represents an important institution of legal certainty and protection for participants in international trade in goods.

THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN IMPROVING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Slađana vuj — 2026-07-24

Occupational safety and health represent one of the key elements for the successful functioning of modern organizations. In addition to the legal obligation to protect employees, organizations are increasingly recognizing the importance of human resource management as a significant factor in the prevention of workplace injuries and occupational diseases, as well as in improving overall work performance. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of human resource management in improving occupational safety and health, with particular emphasis on employee training, safety culture, work organization, and management support. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 86 employees from various organizations in the Republic of Serbia. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, covering questions related to the assessment of working conditions, the identification of workplace hazards and harmful factors, employee training for safe work, support from supervisors, and the perceived importance of occupational safety and health. Respondents' answers were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale. The research results indicate that employees recognize the importance of occupational safety and health as a significant segment of organizational operations. Respondents particularly emphasize the importance of continuous education, adequate work organization, and support from direct supervisors in reducing workplace risks. The results also show that a developed safety culture and the active involvement of employees in hazard identification and risk assessment processes contribute to reducing the likelihood of workplace injuries. On the other hand, the research points to the need for more intensive training programs and greater employee involvement in decision-making processes related to workplace safety.