Glasnik Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci

Dendroecological research in the sessile oak stands on the warmer site conditions of the Đerdap National Park, Serbia

Nenad Radaković — 2024-12-30

Although oaks are one of the dendrochronologically/dendroecologically most studied tree species in Europe, one of the regions where such research has not been carried out much is the area of Serbia. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to analyze and determine the nature of the dependence between the radial growth of the oak trees on the air temperature and the amount of precipitation in two stands in warmer site conditions in the Đerdap National Park. Stand BR100a is located in Management Unit "Boljetinska reka", compartament 100, stand a, and stand LR031b in MU "Leva reka", compartament 31, stand b. BR100a is located at approximately 395 m above sea level, on a southern slope and classified as Quercetum montanum tilietosum tomentosae Mišić 1997, and LR031b belongs to the community Querco-Fagetum Glišić 1971 and is located at approximately 590 m above sea level, on a south/southwesthern exposure. In order to analyze the radial increment, define master chronologies, and determine the common signal in the growth of the Sessile oak and the dependence of the increment on the climate elements, the dominant trees of this species were cored (20 trees in BR100a and 18 trees in LR031b), with two cores from each tree at the height of 1.3 m. Measurements of the total size of radial growth (RW), early- (EW) and late-wood growth (LW) were made. Standard dendrochronological- statistical indicators were used to quantify the level of agreement between the tree’s growth pattern within the sample, and and generally the quality of the sample, both for empirical and a series of growth indices of all increment components (chronologies). To assess the influence of temperature and precipitation on the growth of this tree species four methodological approaches were used: (1) correlations between three-month (seasonal) temperature and precipitation values with residual chronology, (2) correlations between monthly temperatures and precipitation with residual chronology, (3) the so-called response functions and (4) correlation between SPEI drought index with residual chronology. The research results on the reaction of the sessile oak from two stands in the NP "Đerdap" showed that this tree species in warmer sites is sensitive to the amount of precipitation in the summer months, when higher amounts of precipitations, especially in July, lead to the formation of significantly higher annual radial increment amounts and vice versa. The results of the application of the SPEI drought index also showed that wetter abundance is especially favourable for the Sessile oak in such site conditions, where the lack of precipitation in combination with high evapotranspiration can significantly reduce growth and create conditions for the occurrence of devitalization of trees. The observed initial, slightly alarming indications of less successful growth and reduction in the vitality of trees and forests of this tree species nowadays when there are reduced precipitation and more pronounced temperatures compared to the multi-decade averages, are partly mitigated by the results showing that the variations of growth sessile oak are much less affected by temperature variations than precipitation. Such observation indicates that oak, even in warmer sites, is still sufficiently resistant to the negative impact of above-average temperatures in the summer months. Expectedly, it was determined that a stronger climate signal was detected in the total size of the radial increment and the increment of LW than in the increment of EW. The obtained results have a preliminary character, bearing in mind that the goal of this work was to acquire basic knowledge about the dendroecological response of the oak in two localities within the area of NP "Đerdap". In order to make much more detailed conclusions about the dendroclimatological reaction of the oak trees in these, but also in other site conditions, additional research is necessary, which will expand the existing knowledge about the influence of climate on the growth of this tree species and enrich the spectrum of the obtained results.

Properties of limestone Mollic leptosols in the "Mrkonjićko" forest management area

Ilija Čigoja — 2024-12-30

Rad opisuje fizičke i hemijske osobine krečnjačko-dolomitnih crnica na šumsko-privrednom području „Mrkonjićko“, jer je ovo jedan od najzastupljenijih tipova šumskog zemljišta ovog područja. Da bi se moglo pravilno upravljati i gazdovati šumama, jedan od najvažnijih koraka je procjena ekološko-proizvodnih potencijala zemljišta. Bez otvaranja pedoloških profila, opisivanja osobina zemljišta na terenu i laboratorijskih proučavanja karakteristika, nemoguće je izvršiti procjenu ekološko-proizvodne vrijednosti za neko zemljište. Istraživanja su realizovana u dvije privredne jedinice (PJ): „Dubička gora“ u odjeljenju 60 i „Ovčara“, u odjeljenjima 18 i 64. Klimatske karakteristike istraživanog područja su povoljne za razvoj šumske vegetacije. Geološku podlogu u istraživanim odjeljenjima čine krečnjaci, dok je cjelokupno šumsko-privredno područje značajno heterogenije u geološkom pogledu, što se svakako odražava i na pedološki pokrivač. U radu su detaljno prikazane fizičke i hemijske osobine za humusno-akumulativni horizont, koji je ujedno i jedini dijagnostički horizont krečnjačko-dolomitnih crnica. Istraživanja urađena u laboratoriji obuhvatila su analiziranje osnovnih fizičkih i hemijskih osobina zemljišta. Dubina analiziranih profila kreće se od 16 (profil u odjeljenju 18) do 20 cm (profili u odjeljenjima 60 i 64). Mehanički sastav svih profila je ilovast, dok je reakcija zemljišnog rastvora određena u H2O neutralna. Lako pristupačnim P2O5 istraživane krečnjačko-dolomitne crnice su siromašne, dok se snabdjevenost K2O kreće od srednje do dobre. Na osnovu istraženih fizičkih i hemijskih osobina krečnjačko-dolomitnih crnica, može se izvesti zaključak da su osobine uglavnom povoljne za rast i razvoj šumske vegetacije, uz konstataciju da je dubina ovog zemljišnog tipa glavni ograničavajući faktor njegove produktivnosti.

Seed of Taxus baccata L. from park trees – Morphological characteristics

Ljubica Mijatović — 2024-12-30

Taxus baccata L. is a rare species in the forests of Serbia, holding the status of a protected species as a tertiary relic. Contrary to the distribution in forests, the species is represented in parks. Yew is a dioecious species that bears fruit every or every other year, and the seeds are surrounded by a fleshy red covering that is extremely attractive. Data on the morphological characteristics of yew seeds are limited to a few literature sources due to the infrequent collection of seeds and significantly more frequent propagation by vegetative means. Seeds were collected during the fall of 2021 from 13 yew trees (11 trees from Belgrade and one from Novi Sad and Vrdnik) to investigate their morphological characteristics. The morphological characteristics of the seeds (length and width of the seeds diameter and shape of the seed scar, as well as dry weight of the seeds) from these trees are within the limits of the values reported in the literature for yew seeds. Significant variability in seed characteristics between the observed trees was proven using analysis of variance, and then grouping was performed using post-hoc Tukey HSD. Individual trees that are spatially close to each other showed a higher degree of seed similarity than spatially distant trees, as confirmed by cluster analysis (Tree Clustering, Single Linkage-Euclidean distances).

Contribution to the knowledge on the vascular flora of aquatic and amphibious habitats along the Modrac Reservoir and adjacent marshes (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Radenko Nešković — 2024-12-30

A study of the vascular flora of aquatic and amphibious habitats along the Modrac reservoir and adjacent marshes, Šerićka bara, and Mosorovac bara was conducted during the vegetation season 2018. In total, 68 plant species from 36 families were identified. The families with the highest taxa were Cyperaceae and Lamiaceae, and the most numerous genera were Carex and Mentha. The dominant plant life forms were hemicryptophytes and hydrophytes, while in chorological analysis dominated Euroasian floral elements. Generalists, the pioneers of secondary succession, and competitive species were the most common social behavior types of plants. Threatened vulnerable species Marsilea quadrifolia L., Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., the least concerned species Butomus umbellatus L., and species that are protected by Berns convention Trapa natans L. were recorded in the researched area. Invasive plant species with predominance of Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray, Bidens frondosus L., and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were common. The researched area is typical for progradational stages and intensive overgrowth of marshes with vegetation of reed and cattail, and a good representation of macrophytes Trapa natans L. and Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser in littoral area of Modrac reservoir.

A contribution to the knowledge of the distribution of some alien species in flora of Sarajevo Canton

Anis Hasanbegović — 2024-12-30

During the 3-year field research in the Sarajevo Canton (from 2019 to 2022), numerous new sites for many alien species were noted. Three of them were covered by this paper. These are: Digitalis purpurea L., Symphyotrichum novi belgii (L.) G. L. Nelson and Armoracia rusticiana Gaertn., Mey et Scherb.. The aim of the research and the paper is to provide new data on these species. This is important for the lack of specific data for alien species about their distribution, environmental conditions in which they develop, which can be very important in fight against them or in their adequate control. For each locality, where the plants were found, number of other parameters were provided, such as: altitude, latitude and longitude, soil type and phytocenological affiliation. Altitude, latitude and longitude were determined by the "MagelaneXplorist 500" GPS. Maps were also done with help of the "ArcGis Pro 2.8.4." program with registered localities. The name of plants were aligned with the www.europlusmed.org. Numerous papers and material from the "Herbarium Collection of the National Museum of BiH – SARA" were reviewed, and yet it was found out that all the localities were new for the researched species. Here we provided all previously published and data on herbarized plants for the whole of BiH.