Unionization in Transition: Dynamics and Challenges in Post-Socialist European Countries

Abstract

The dynamics of unionization in post-socialist European countries remaina critical area of investigation, influenced by historical, economic, andsocial transitions. This study analyses union membership density and itsinfluence across sectors and industries in ten post-socialist countries. Theresearch is based on data from 1,076 organizations, collected throughthe CRANET survey during 2021–2022. Statistical methods, includingSpearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U test,were employed to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrate a strongpositive correlation between union membership density and its influence,underscoring that higher union membership significantly enhances unions'negotiating power. Public sector organizations consistently exhibit higherunion membership and influence compared to the private sector. Whiletraditional industries, such as manufacturing and public administration,show stronger union presence and influence at an aggregate level, thistrend is only partially confirmed across individual countries, reflectingthe complexity of unionization dynamics. This study contributes to theliterature on labour relations by providing empirical evidence of unionizationtrends in post-socialist European countries. It underscores the necessityfor unions to modernize their strategies, including the adoption of digitaltools, engagement with non-standard workers, and advocacy for inclusivepolicies. These adaptations are essential to address challenges posed byemerging industries and declining membership rates. The findings offerpractical recommendations for strengthening union capacity.