JOURNAL TTTP - TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE

Digitization of Traffic Infrastructure and ITS Impact on the Safety of Road Users

2025-08-18T15:10:38+02:00

This paper comprehensively examines the impact of traffic infrastructure digitalization on road safety by integrating advanced information and communication technologies (ICT) into urban transport systems. The research focuses on the deployment and effectiveness of smart solutions such as adaptive traffic signal control systems, Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication protocols, and automated video analytics for real-time monitoring and enforcement.
Through a combination of quantitative analysis—comparing accident rates before and after digital infrastructure implementation—and qualitative insights from expert interviews and case studies in selected European cities, the study provides empirical evidence of the positive effects of digitalization. These effects include a measurable reduction in the number of traffic accidents, enhanced responsiveness of emergency services, more efficient traffic flow, and improved safety for vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists.
The research also introduces a mathematical model to simulate accident reduction as a function of the digitalization level, offering a predictive framework for evaluating investment priorities in urban infrastructure planning. Results demonstrate that zones with higher digitalization indices consistently report greater improvements in safety outcomes, validating the model’s applicability in real-world contexts.
The findings underscore the importance of strategic deployment, regulatory alignment, and system integration when introducing digital technologies into traffic infrastructure. Recommendations include the need for gradual implementation in high-risk zones, legal frameworks for data protection, and continuous performance evaluation to maximize safety benefits and support sustainable urban mobility development.

Traffic Safety and Demographic Characteristics of the Republic of Srpska and Banja Luka

2025-08-18T15:17:50+02:00

Banja Luka and the Republik of Srpska, like most countries in the world, record a large number of traffic accidents and fatalities. An additional burden on the Republik of Srpska is its poor demographic picture. After the 2013 census, a constant decline in the number of inhabitants was evident in the Republik of Srpska. Banja Luka recorded an increase in the number of inhabitants in the same period.
The paper includes an analysis of traffic safety and demographic characteristics in the area of the Republik of Srpska and Banja Luka, and their comparison.

Criminal Procedure Principles of Traffic-Technical Expertise

2025-08-18T15:25:13+02:00

Traffic accidents are an everyday occurrence in modern society and usually occur when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animals, road debris or other immovable obstacles, such as a tree, pole or building. Traffic accidents very often result in minor and serious injuries, participants’ disability, death or minor/major property damage, as well as financial costs of both society and individuals involved in the events during and after the traffic accident. There are numerous causes that contribute to the risk of collisions, i.e. traffic accidents, including vehicle design, driving speed, appearance, i.e. road condition, road environment, driving skills of traffic participants, alcohol or drug use by the participants, as well as their behavior, especially other participants driving obstructions, speeding and street racing.
Expertise is a procedural action that is undertaken by a Court or the Prosecutor’s Office order, with the fulfillment of the conditions prescribed by law. Expertise involves the engagement of special experts, whose obligation is to examine the expertise subjects that have been handed over to them in accordance with the rules of their scientific field, technical knowledge, skills or artistic orientation, and then provide their expert findings and opinion.
Traffic-technical expertise is a special type of expertise which analyzes the material elements from the case file and conducts a detailed analysis of the traffic accident course. In this regard, the expert examination determines the manner in which the traffic accident occurred, the position of the vehicles at the time of the accident, the speed of the vehicles involved in the accident, the location of the collision and the position of the vehicles immediately before the collision. In order to establish the above facts, it is necessary to state all the findings that were collected through analysis, including some of the basic data if the expert analyzed it: who was driving, what were the weather or traffic conditions at the accident scene, etc.

Integration of the public transport system using the example of the Niš Administrative District

2025-08-18T17:33:16+02:00

Public (regional) transport, which is carried out between territorial units of one or more neighboring administrative districts in the Republic of Serbia, is based on the concept of deregulation and relies mainly on one means of transport – the bus. It is a system of intercity and municipal timetables, i.e. bus lines operated by private bus operators. On the other hand, these public transport services are not considered communal activities, they are not subsidized and are provided by private operators in accordance with commercial interests.
This paper investigates the public transport system on the territory of the Niš Administrative District. The research focus is on analyzing the current state of the system, identifying key challenges and problems, assessing public transport needs and developing recommendations for improving the system. The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive insight into the current state of public transport in the Republic of Serbia and to identify opportunities for improvement in order to meet the needs of the population, improve mobility and contribute to the economic development of the region.
The research includes discussions on topics such as deregulation, reliance on one mode of transport and integration of public transport. The analysis provides deeper considerations of the challenges facing the system and possible strategies for addressing them.
Based on the collected data, analysis and conclusions, this paper will offer relevant recommendations for improving the public transport system and contribute to improving the quality of services, efficiency and accessibility for service users.

Urban Traffic Management Using Artificial Intelligence: A Sustainable Approach to Enhancing Urban Mobility

2025-08-18T17:42:48+02:00

In modern cities, growing traffic volumes and limited infrastructure capacity lead to frequent congestion, increased emissions, and reduced quality of life. Traditional traffic management systems, based on fixed signal timings, often fail to adapt to real-time traffic dynamics. This paper presents how artificial intelligence (AI) can significantly enhance the efficiency and sustainability of urban traffic systems. By integrating data from sensors, cameras, and mobile devices with learning and forecasting algorithms, an intelligent system is developed to adjust traffic signals in real time. Simulation results show reduced waiting times, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and improved safety for all road users, including pedestrians and public transport. Special focus is placed on fairness and inclusive mobility, ensuring that technological advancement also addresses social equity. The proposed approach can be implemented across various urban environments without requiring extensive infrastructure changes.

Analysis of a Traffic Accident During Turn and Overtake - Case Study

2025-08-18T17:50:54+02:00

Traffic accidents represent a significant safety challenge, and analyses in the Republic of Srpska show that one of the most common driver errors is improper overtaking and turning. These actions require high concentration, assessment of road conditions and correct decision-making, and their improper execution often leads to collision situations. Overtaking, in particular, is a complex action that includes numerous factors such as assessing speed, distance and the reactions of other road users.
The aim of this paper is to determine, through a temporal-spatial analysis, who and to what extent contributed to the occurrence of a traffic accident in a case where vehicles performed turning and overtaking actions. Special emphasis will be placed on whether these actions were permitted in the specific circumstances, as well as on determining the causal factors that led to the accident. The analysis will be conducted through a review of the traffic and technical expertise of this case, taking into account relevant traffic regulations, technical aspects and the behavior of the participants in the accident.
The results of this research can contribute to a better understanding of risk factors when performing overtaking and turning actions, and provide guidelines for improving traffic safety, both through improving regulations and by raising driver awareness of the risks associated with these maneuvers.

Improving Supply Chain Efficiency Through Adequate Stacking of Bulk and Transport Packaging

2025-08-18T19:11:47+02:00

The efficiency of logistics processes largely depends on the selection, sizing and stacking of aggregate and transport packaging. Properly organized packaging not only protects products but also directly affects the rationalization of space, the speed of manipulation and the reduction of costs in the supply chain. This paper analyzes the way in which standards and methods of stacking packaging units can improve operational efficiency. Through a theoretical review and analysis of practical examples, the role of palletization, modularity and optimal capacity utilization in the storage and transport process is discussed. The research confirms the hypothesis that adequate stacking of aggregate and transport packaging significantly reduces logistics costs and the time required for delivery, which directly contributes to improving supply chain performance.

Recycling of waste motor oils

2025-08-18T19:18:48+02:00

During the use of motor oils, they lose their physical and chemical characteristics, their aging occurs and over time the oil becomes unusable and becomes waste motor oil.
After use, in addition to being harmful to the environment, waste oils pose a serious threat to human health.
In order to avoid the harmful effects of waste oils on humans and the environment, used oils must be disposed of appropriately.
The problem of waste motor oil can be solved in several ways: using waste motor oil as an energy source - incineration, recycling and disposal/disposal.
From an economic point of view and from the point of view of protecting the living environment, the recycling of waste motor oils has advantages over burning and disposal.
Recycling of waste motor oils is any procedure by which a new product is obtained through certain processing procedures, which enables the reuse of waste motor oils.