JOURNAL TTTP - TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE

Analysis of the Possibilities for Improving Traffic Flow Conditions by Introducing a DLT Intersection in the City of Novi Sad

Aleksandar Milinković, Vuk Bogdanović, Jelena Mitrović Simić — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Displaced left-turn (DLT) intersections have gained their popularity because their implementation reduces control delay and improves the level of traffic safety. Their alternative configuration of traffic lanes enables the execution of left turns within the central part of the intersection without conflict with vehicles from the opposite direction. On the other hand, in Serbia, a large number of roundabouts have been constructed in recent decades for which no prior analyses of capacity and level of service were carried out, nor forecasts of traffic demand for the planned operational period. For that reason, some roundabouts exhibit very unfavorable traffic flow conditions with high vehicle delays, especially in situations when the circulating zone is blocked. Within this research, the possibility of applying a DLT intersection is considered by reconstructing a roundabout in the city of Novi Sad where unfavorable traffic flow conditions occur during peak hours. The analysis was conducted through a comparison of delays, queue lengths, and level of service in relation to a conventional (four-leg) signalized intersection as another proposed solution. The evaluation of traffic flow conditions was carried out through simulation in the Vissim software (Student version). By applying both proposed solutions, efficient traffic flow would be ensured, where the obtained parameters indicate the advantage of the DLT intersection.

Contemporary Procedures for Traffic Data Collection With a Special Emphasis on the use of Drones

Vladimir Ilić, Valentina Mirović, Vuk Bogdanović, Boško Matović, David Gruhonjić — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Traffic planning represents a key component of urban and regional development, requiring a comprehensive analysis of socio-demographic, spatial, and economic factors. The research is focused on the application of contemporary methods of traffic data collection, with particular emphasis on the use of drones in detecting the effects of specific traffic-calming measures. Specifically, two locations in Podgorica were analyzed, each featuring different types of speed-reduction devices: rubber elements and an asphalt platform. Aerial footage was captured using a “DJI Mini 3” drone, and the data were processed with the DataFromSky software. Statistical analysis was conducted using a t-test, which revealed statistically significant differences in vehicle speeds at the analyzed locations, with slightly lower speeds recorded at the site featuring rubber elements. The advantages of drones over fixed cameras lie in their flexibility, unobtrusiveness, and ability to capture real driving behavior, although there are temporal limitations on recording and challenges related to adverse weather conditions (rain and wind). The results indicate a high applicability of drones in the quantitative analysis of traffic flows, as well as the importance of appropriate method selection depending on the analytical objectives. The obtained data contribute to more accurate calibration of traffic models in software such as VISUM, AIMSUN, and PTV Vistro, thereby enhancing the quality of strategic planning decisions in urban traffic management.

RMSRM Software - Identification, Creation and Defining adr Routes and Dangerous Goods Transportation Management in Local Communities

Milorad Stefanović, Pavle Gladović, Radovan Višković, Željko Đurić — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This paper introduces a remote system designed for comprehensive management of dangerous goods (especially oil and gas liquid fuels) shipments and haulage. The system integrates various functions to streamline the planning and scheduling of trips, duties, and task allocation for dangerous goods transport. It considers available resources, appropriate routes, suitable timeslots, and adequate infrastructure to ensure the safest and lowest-risk passage of dangerous goods shipments and haulages within the local community.
The paper details the system’s concept, algorithms, functionalities, features, and architecture. It also outlines the system prototype and the experimental results prepared for a pilot program intended for a larger urban areas.

Electric vehicle battery safety

Snežana Petković, Jelena Adžić, Marko Dujaković — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

One of the main contributors to air pollution is road traffic, primarily due to the emission of harmful gases and particles generated by the combustion of fossil fuels. As a professional response to this issue, the development and implementation of electric vehicles, considered an environmentally friendly alternative, is increasingly being promoted. However, despite their growing presence in traffic, certain safety aspects of electric vehicles still remain insufficiently explored. The main challenge associated with these vehicles is the battery, specifically lithium-ion batteries, which are most commonly used in electric vehicles. In addition to their weight and limited capacity, a particularly concerning issue is the risk of fire and the occurrence of thermal runaway within the battery cells, where an uncontrolled heating process takes place. Extinguishing such fires is extremely difficult, as the battery can reignite even after the flames have been suppressed. This paper provides an analysis of the causes leading to fires within electric vehicle batteries. Using previous research studies, the mechanism of fire development is explained — from the initial battery cell damage, the phenomenon of thermal runaway, smoke occurrence, all the way to explosion. The paper also presents both internal and external strategies for improving the safety of electric vehicles, with special emphasis on minimizing human error in order to prevent severe consequences, including battery explosion. To ensure that lithium-ion batteries and their components meet specific safety requirements, numerous safety standards and testing methods have been developed, which are briefly outlined in the paper.

Training of professional drivers under current regulatory conditions

Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The aim of this paper is a comparative analysis of the impact of contemporary regulatory changes in the European Union and the Republic of Serbia on the training system for professional drivers of commercial vehicles, with an emphasis on their role in improving road traffic safety. Particular attention is given to the evolution of the regulatory framework in the period 2003–2022, from Directive 2003/59/EC to Directive 2022/2561/EC, which advances the system through the digitalization of teaching, the promotion of environmentally responsible and safety-oriented driving, and the application of more flexible learning methods. The research is set within the context of the global initiative Second Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021–2030, whose goal is to reduce the number of road traffic fatalities by at least 50% (United Nations, 2021). The starting hypothesis of the paper is that the alignment of the national training system with European standards significantly contributes to the improvement of road transport safety and efficiency. The research is based on descriptive, analytical, comparative, and synthetic methods, supplemented with statistical indicators and case study analysis. Special emphasis is placed on the challenges of harmonizing the national training system with European standards—institutional, technological, and pedagogical–andragogical. Based on the analysis, recommendations have been formulated aimed at strengthening intersectoral cooperation, modernizing training programs, and supporting the continuous professional development of drivers, thereby contributing to the creation of safer and more competent road users.

Development of road traffic safety in the republic of Serbia from 2014 to 2024

Filip Živković, Boris Antić, Danislav Drašković, Tomislav Petrović — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The paper analyzes the development of road traffic safety in the Republic of Serbia from 2014 to 2024, aiming to determine the progress achieved in reducing traffic accident consequences and improving institutional management in this field. The research is based on data from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, the Ministry of Interior, and local road safety strategies, using descriptive–comparative and indicator analyses. The total number of fatalities decreased by 7%, while the number of injured persons increased by 8%, indicating partial effectiveness of implemented measures and the need for further improvement. A population decrease of more than 7% led to a 12% increase in public risk, whereas a 32% rise in the number of registered vehicles resulted in a 22% reduction in traffic risk. The highest increase in mortality was recorded among children, while the most severe consequences occurred on roads outside urban areas. At the same time, the number of local road safety strategies increased from one in 2014 to 96 in 2024, representing significant institutional progress. The results confirm the necessity of an integrated approach combining infrastructural, educational, and technological measures, as well as the application of analytical methods such as benchmarking and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in the planning process. Achieving the “Vision Zero” goal requires consistent monitoring of performance indicators and cooperation across all levels of governance to ensure long-term improvement of road traffic safety in the Republic of Serbia.

Behaviour of Young Drivers in Traffic in the Republic of Serbia

Miloš Pljakić, Miloš Arsić, Marina Leovac, Predrag Stanojević — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Young drivers represent one of the highest-risk categories of traffic participants. Characteristic of this group is the presence of specific behavioral patterns and attitudes that often do not comply with safety standards. The aim of this study is to analyze the behavior of young drivers in traffic in the Republic of Serbia. The data collection method was conducting a survey via an electronic questionnaire. The Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale was used. The questionnaire contains 44 items grouped into five categories examining different aspects of risky behavior. The categories include transitional violations, fixed violations, misjudgment, exposure to risk, and the influence of driver mood. An additional 13 questions used for analysis examine demographic characteristics of the respondents, such as gender, age, type of driver’s license, etc. The sample consisted of 404 respondents aged 17-30 years (M = 22.95), of both genders. The obtained data were processed using the SPSS statistical package. The research results indicate significant differences in the behavior of young drivers who possess a probationary driving license compared to those who possess a full driving license. Respondents with a full driving license exhibited a higher level of risky behavior in the subscales of transient violations and risk exposure, compared to respondents who possess a probationary driving license.

Cyber attacks on autonomous vehicles in the VANET computer network (attacks and protection)

Boris Kovačić, Zoran Ž. Avramović, Ivana Buzdovan — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Autonomous vehicles represent a revolution in mobility, but they raise the issue of security challenges. With their appearance and the introduction of the 5G network, traffic systems are becoming increasingly dependent on digital communication and real-time data processing. Connectivity through 5G networks and ad-hoc communication protocols makes them vulnerable to various forms of cyber attacks, which can threaten lives, property and public safety. The paper analyzes the threats to which autonomous vehicles are exposed within the VANET network (a specialized class of ad-hoc networks in which vehicles function as nodes in the communication network) in a 5G environment. The consequences of an attack can be: complete disabling of the operation of one or more vehicles in the system, traffic accidents due to false data or errors in algorithms, compromising the privacy of passengers and vehicle owners, disruption of traffic infrastructure, as well as loss of public trust. Special emphasis in the paper is placed on the consequences for traffic safety and potential protection measures.

The impact of passively safe poles on the consequences of A traffic accident

Danislav Drašković, Demeter Prislan, Zoran Injac, Boris Mikanović — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

All EU Member States have committed to targets to reduce the consequences of road accidents in the decade to 2030. In 2023, there were 20,400 road deaths in EU countries, down just 1% from the previous year. While this is a 10% decrease compared to 2019, which is the baseline for the 2030 strategic target, we can note that the trend has remained flat in several Member States, while others have seen an increase. Statistical trends in the Western Balkans show that the number of road deaths rose to 1,261 in 2023, an increase of 15 lives lost compared to previously published data. The region continues to lag behind the EU27 in road safety, underscoring the need for more effective measures. As one of the measures to increase traffic safety, the possibility of using passivly safe infrastructure, in particular lighting poles, traffic signal supports and equipment as an alternative to existing structures with the aim of reducing the consequences of traffic accidents that occur in the last run-off of the road is presented. The presented results are consistent with previous findings published in the literature on the severity of the consequences of traffic accidents with run-off of the road in several different environments. Most importantly, the results provide evidence that passive safety poles that absorb high energy (in accordance with EN 12767) contribute to the reduction of accidents in this type of traffic accident.

Stochastic analysis of gender-differentiated ethical patterns in the function of optimizing traffic and work processes

Nina Uremović, Radmila Pejić, Mirjana Landika — Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Ethical behavior in traffic and the workplace exhibits noticeable gender differences, which are not determined solely by biological characteristics but also by social norms, roles, and expectations. This study analyzes the stochastic relationship between gender and expressed ethical attitudes using appropriate statistical methods, aiming to identify behavioral regularities. The results indicate statistically significant differences, with women showing greater consistency in applying ethical norms both in traffic and in work environments. The findings can serve as a basis for developing targeted educational and regulatory measures to improve traffic safety and efficiency in work processes while considering gender-specific characteristics.