SPORTLOGIA

111 YEARS FOR 1 SECOND

Željko Rajković, Dragan Ž Perišić, Voja M. Milosavljević — Tue, 07 May 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The most atractive of all athletic disciplines is the 100m sprint for men. This discipline has its long development, while the world record has been recorded by International Amateur Athletic Federation only just for 111 years. During this period, the World Record was broken 67 times, and Donald Lippincot's record from 1912 (10.6s) was improved by "only" one second and now stands at 9.58s (Usaine Bolt, 2009). This article analyzes the progression of the World Record at 100m, from the moment when records were officially kept, until today, but also gives a prediction about its further development and importance. For easier interpretation of the results, the progression of the 100m world record for men was considered in three time periods: The first period - from 1912 to 1945, the second period - from 1946 to 1983, and the third period - from 1983 to 2023. Effect of recording of the world's best 100m sprint times for men is significant and multifaceted, while including all segments of athletics in a multifaceted connection, it also has mutually opposing prognostic qualities. In the near future, due to sports expert analysis, it is not expected to break the world record in the discipline of 100m sprint for men. On the contrary, a deeper philosophical analysis provides a projection of rule changes, multiple mitigations, as well as aggressive changes to the human body in order to enable new records and indirectly, propagandistically extend the age of modern society and hide the twilight of civilization that is ahead of us.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC AND BODY COMPOSITION MEASURES TO ARMY PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST PERFORMANCE AMONG MALE AND FEMALE ROTC CADETS

Tue, 07 May 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between body composition measures and Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) performance between male and female Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets prior to enlistment. Retrospective APFT test performance and body composition data were provided for 57 male and 17 female university ROTC cadets. Descriptive statistics were derived for all variables and separated by sex. A MANOVA model was used to determine differences between sexes in all anthropometric and fitness variables. A Pearson’s moment correlation was used to determine significant relationships between body composition and APFT measures separated by sex. Significant differences between male and female cadets for height, body mass, body fat percentage, and APFT events were found (p = 0.001-0.03). No significant differences were found between sexes for BMI (p = 0.887). Additionally, no significant relationships between anthropometric measures and fitness performance were observed among male or female cadets.

MODEL OF ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT IN SKI SCHOOLS

Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Alpine skiing is classified as a poly-structured sport on snowy and icy terrains yearly. It mainly atracts skiers during winter, including beginners of various ages and genders. This paper addresses Ski Schools' organization and management model, aiming to guide instructing beginners in skiing considering their gender, age, needs, and interests. Ski schools are envisioned as open and innovative organizations with well-defined goals, tasks, and work programs. The primary objective of ski schools is to impart rational skiing techniques (descent down slopes) while considering the quality of equipment, slope conditions, and the competence of sports instructors and teachers working within ski schools. This study delves into the specific problem of theoretical representation of organization and management in ski schools, which operate as intricate systems within our ski resorts. The paper presents original research outcomes, offering a fresh perspective on previously explored questions and issues related to organization (manifestations) and management in ski schools. A clear and content-rich presentation of the problems, organization, and management in ski schools characterizes the paper's structure. Rather than concluding, the practical focus should be on well-organized and managed ski schools led by competent management and staff to ensure appropriately trained and safe skiers on the slopes.

DIFFERENCES IN THE MAXIMUM SHOT SPEED OF HANDBALL PLAYERS IN RELATION TO THE RESIN USED

Igor Ilić, Slavka Durlević, Toplica Stojanović — Tue, 07 May 2024 00:00:00 +0200

A player's ability to execute powerful and accurate shots is crucial for success in handball. The role of adhesives has received less scientific scrutiny in regard to its influence on shot speed. This research investigates the influence of adhesive choice on maximum shot speed in handball, focusing on two prominent resin products: Trimona Classic and Select Profcare. Employing a comprehensive analysis of four distinct shot techniques made both from the standing and running start positions, the research goal was to determine whether different resin types significantly contribute to handball players' shot speed. Contrary to initial expectations, the results revealed no statistically significant differences in shot speed between the two tested resin types. Possible explanations include the limited variability in resin compositions between Trimona and Select, the overriding influence of individual player morphological characteristics and skill levels, as well as the potential of handball players to adapt to different resin types. However, certain limitations, such as the narrow focus on two specific resin types and the small subject sample which consisted of only male players warrant caution when making conclusions. This study creates the foundation for future research with the goal of exploring the influence of different adhesive types in regard to playing position, sex, age category and morphological characteristics.

EFFECTS OF ADAPTED PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH OVERWEIGHT OR OBESITY

Ina Marković, Ivana Delibašić, Slavka Durlević, Jovan Cvejić — Tue, 07 May 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Obesity or adiposity represents an excessive accumulation of fat in the body and an increase in mass by 10% or more compared to the ideal body mass. Today in the world, and in our country, obesity is one of the most common chronic diseases of children and adolescents. One of the main causes of obesity is reduced physical activity, and energy intake is significantly increased in relation to reduced activity. Accordingly, the goal of this research was a systematic review of previously published research that dealt with the effects of adapted physical exercise on children and adolescents with excessive body weight or obesity. When collecting previous research, the internet search engines "Google Scholar", "PubMed" and the academic network "ResearchGate" were used. Positive changes in the morphological status of children and adolescents can be caused by the equal action of adapted physical exercise and controlled nutrition. Due to its enormous importance, physical activity is a proven preventive measure in the fight against obesity and accompanying diseases, which is necessary and must be present in sufficient quantity in all ages, especially in children and adolescents. Physical activity and exercise as well as proper nutrition during childhood and adolescence, along with taking professional preventive measures to reduce obesity, is essential for the future of the population.

DIFFERENCE IN BALANCE AND SUCCESS IN PERFORMING BASIC GYMNASTICS ELEMENTS BETWEEN 7-8 YEARS OLD BOYS AND GIRLS

Tue, 07 May 2024 00:00:00 +0200

This study aimed to determine the status of motor skill of balance and possible differences between girls and boys, of younger school age, in predicting the performance of selected gymnastic elements on the floor (shoulder stand, headstand, handstand). Eighty-four young participants were divided into two groups participating in the study (Group Males: n=42; Group Females: n=42). The participants had to perform four tests to evaluate motor ability of balance that have the necessary metric characteristics: standing on one leg with eyes open transversely on a balance bench - MBAP, standing on two legs longitudinally on a balance bench with eyes closed - MBAU2Z, standing on two legs longitudinally on balance benches with eyes open - MBAU2O and Flamingo test - FLAM. The success of the execution of the selected gymnastics elements was evaluated by the commission, which consisted of five licensed judges of the Gymnastics Federation of the Republic of Srpska, with marks from 0 to 10. Minor differences were found in the motor ability of balance and the results of predictable values for these gymnastic elements (p=0.05). Girls had lower results in the motor tests but beter scores in the performance of the gymnastic elements, but it is no significant differences. The average results of all respondents in this research are lower than in previous research. The relatively low scores of the motor ability test results indicate the need to introduce additional pre-exercises to improve results in performing essential gymnastic elements.

RELATIONS OF COACH-ATHLETE RELATIONSHIP’ QUALITY AND ATHLETE PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Kuruzović Nikolina, Valentina Đorić — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The innate tendency for forming social relations is also reflected in the area of sports. The sport itself represents a significant context for meetng other people, forming and maintaining relatonships. This paper is aimed to review and interpret current literature results on coach-athlete relatonships quality and its relatons to aspects of athlete psychosocial functoning. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines, the literature search of different electronic databases yielded a total of 56 studies. The findings underline several aspects of athlete psychosocial functioning connected with coach-athlete relationships. Among others, it is revealed that positive relationships with coaches contribute to different aspects of athlete motivation and satisfaction manifested in higher performance and intention to continue with sports activities. It is also detected that beter relationships with coaches protect athletes from stress, burnout and negative affect guarding their mental health. Relationships with coaches also shape the way an athlete perceives himself, coach and team. The results highlight the unique contribution of coach-athlete relationships to athlete life and activities which may serve as a useful guide to future research in sports.