International conference on Contemporary Theory and Practice in Construction / Међународна конференција Савремена теорија и пракса у градитељству

ON THE SELECTION OF A SUITABLE CONCRETE

2022-06-10T14:53:32+02:00

This paper aims to analyze the carbon footprint which the construction industry leaves on the global GHG emissions. It focuses on understanding the sources of the embodied carbon in each stage of the structure’s lifecycle. It also explores the ways of reducing the CO2 costs, focusing primarily on the RC structures. A comparative analysis of different types of cement as well as their corresponding carbon signature is performed and explored. Finally, the ecological benefits of the appropriate concrete and cement selection are presented though real-life examples.

CONSTRUCTION OF SKEW RULED SURFACES BY MANIPULATING CONTROL LINES

2022-06-10T15:22:39+02:00

When it comes to doubly curved surfaces in construction, especially shell structures, the skew ruled surfaces play a prominent role, because they are statically efficient and relatively easy to produce [1]. However, in order to fully exploit the design potential of this class of surfaces, conventional CAD programs do not provide adequate tools. From the priority program 1542 by the German Research Foundation (DFG) named Concrete light, an add-on is presented [2] that facilitates parametric design with ruled surfaces on the basis of line geometry and also enables a connection to finite element methods.

EVALUATING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS FOR SOIL SALINITY ESTIMATION USING SATELLITE IMAGERY

2022-06-14T00:47:28+02:00

Salinity is one of the most critical problems for agricultural lands. Soil salinity should be monitored with fast, economical and accurate data and methods. In this study, soil salinity was estimated using remote sensing data and machine learning algorithms, where fıve different methods were used, and the results were compared. As a study area, Alpu, Turkey has been selected. Within the scope of the study, on-site measurements were made in cultivation areas where there are different agricultural products such as beets, wheat, tomatoes, and corn in the district. The results show that machine learning algorithms and Planetscope images successfully determine soil salinity. Future studies will evaluate the methods by taking samples from different product classes and wet/arid lands.

RESISTANCE TO CRACK PROPAGATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

2022-06-14T01:16:35+02:00

This paper discusses the results of investigations on the resistance to crack propagation carried out as part of a large-scale project to develop high-performance concretes (HPCs) for the secondary lining of a low and intermediate level waste disposal shaft. Four HPCs were investigated, in which the quantity of the binder component and the proportions of the two cements and the silica fume in it were varied. We have also added steel fibers to one HPC. The wedge splitting test method was used to determine the resistance to crack propagation. The results obtained show that all the HPC investigated achieve good resistance to crack propagation. The addition of steel fibers further improves this resistance.

THE INFLUENCE OF CONCRETE VISCOUS DEFORMATIONS DURING BEHAVIOR CALCULATION OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES

2022-06-14T01:30:32+02:00

On the calculation example of a cable-stayed bridge with oblique cables, it was pointed out the shrinkage and creep of concrete significantly affects the distribution of stresses and deflections of the span beam over time. The segmental type of bridge construction is considered, which implies the successive introduction of concrete rheology, for cases of controlled and free beam deflections during construction, i.e. with or without cable tightening on previously performed segments. The phenomenon of reduced sensitivity of the span beam to the effects of concrete rheology is pointed out, in case of controlled deflections by cable tightening, while without cable tightening the deflections increase over time and can negatively affect the usability of the structure. The analyses were performed using an appropriate algorithm (developed by the author) which introduced composite layered finite elements with viscous properties into the calculation.

THE EFFECT OF THERMAL TREATMENT ON MECHANICAL AND DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT

2022-06-14T01:40:56+02:00

Presented research was intentioned to clarify the effects of thermal treatment (ageing) of reinforcing steel products on their mechanical and deformation properties. In order to determine the effect of temperature, samples were exposed to room temperature (reference samples) and a temperature of 100 °C in duration of 30, 60 and 120 minutes, respectively. Tests were conducted on bars, coils and welded fabrics. After the thermal treatment, samples were exposed to tensile testing. The duration of the ageing treatment did not significantly affect measured properties of the tested products. Still, longer ageing process increased the yield stress of samples taken from coils by 7%, while the welded fabrics reached optimum values of yield stress and elongation after ageing of 60 minutes.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SCC WITH RECYCLED RUBBER AND RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE

2022-06-14T07:22:06+02:00

The replacement of natural aggregates (NA) with alternative aggregates in concrete can contribute to the sustainable development of the construction industry. This paper aims to present research investigating the effects of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and crumb rubber (CR) utilization on the performance of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) mixtures in both fresh and hardened states. For this purpose, SCC mixtures with three different replacement levels of CR - 0%, 20% and 30% by volume for fine aggregate and 100% coarse RCA were prepared along with the reference mixture containing NA only. To assess the effects of NA replacement, the physical and mechanical tests were conducted on prepared SCC mixtures and corresponding results were analysed and compared.

MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF COMPROMISE ROAD ALIGNMENT SOLUTION FOR ROUTE 2A - SECTION KRUPA TO BOČAC

2022-06-14T07:34:16+02:00

The subject of this analysis is the selection of the road alignment of Route 2a on the section Krupa - Bočac (Republic of Srpska). The complexity of the problem is reflected in the fact that a number of conflicting criteria of different stakeholders should be taken into account; i.e. criteria that are important from the aspect of road managers, criteria from the aspect of users and criteria society as a whole. The PROMETHEE method was used to determine compromise solution. Detailed comparative analysis of all parameters showed that variant 0 of the Krupa - Bočac section is a first ranked compromise solution. Sensitivity analysis has shown that the first place is stable by most criteria. Decision support framework presented in this paper can help future researchers and decision makers with similar problem.

PRELIMINARY QUANTITY ESTIMATION IN CONSTRUCTION USING MACHINE LEARNING METHODS

2022-06-15T00:47:58+02:00

This paper analyses the problem of estimating the required quantities of major work items in the construction of residential and residential-commercial buildings using machine learning algorithms. The goal is to form a model that will provide a fast and sufficiently accurate estimate of the quantities of major work items, based on a small amount of known information on the technical characteristics and the environment of future residential and residential-commercial buildings. The case study included 71 projects of residential and residential-commercial buildings construction realised on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Several models have been developed, and the paper presents those models that had the best performances. The models developed in this way can significantly contribute to resource planning and the accuracy of cost estimates in the early project phases.

MODEL OF POROUS MATERIALS BY RHEOLOGICAL-DYNAMICAL ANALOGY USING THE PRINCIPLES OF MASS AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

2022-06-15T00:58:42+02:00

It is assumed that the porous material is based on the principle of conservation of mass and the principle of conservation of energy. The validity of both principles relies on experimental observations. Experimental results of different metals were used to compare the Poisson ratio as a function of porosity. A comparison is made between the theory of percolation and the model proposed in this paper based on the rheological-dynamic analogy (RDA). The results show that there is an excellent agreement between percolation theory and the RDA model. Finally, a new relationship between the creep coefficient and porosity was proved for all analyzed metals by defining their damage variable in the range of measurable porosities.

ISOGEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A SPATIALLY CURVED BERNOULLI-EULER BEAM SUBJECTED TO MOVING LOAD

2022-06-15T15:20:58+02:00

Dynamic analysis of a spatially curved Bernoulli-Euler beam subjected to the moving load is considered in this paper. The isogeometric approach is used for the spatial discretization of the weak form of the equation of motion. Both the reference geometry and the solution space are represented using the same NURBS basis functions that guarantee an accurate description of beam’s centerline. The time integration is done by the explicit technique. The presented formulation is validated by the comparison with the existing results from the literature for the curved beam subjected to the constant load moving with the constant velocity.

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF SINGLY CURVED CLAMPED SHELLS USING THE ISOGEOMETRIC FINITE STRIP METHOD

2022-06-16T08:56:42+02:00

A hybrid method for the spatial discretization of two-dimensional domains is recently derived and applied to the problem of free vibrations of simply-supported singly curved shells. This new method follows from a tensor product of NURBS functions and a carefully selected series that satisfies boundary conditions a priori. The formulation unifies spatial discretization schemes of the semi-analytical Finite strip method and the Isogeometric analysis. In this paper, the method is improved by implementing the capability to deal with clamped-clamped boundary conditions. The numerical analysis shows that the method has favorable accuracy per DOF, in comparison with the standard finite elements.

SETTING THE REAL-TIME FLOOD FORECASTING MODELS IN UKRINA, TINJA AND BRKA UNGAUGED BASINS

2022-06-18T11:16:29+02:00

Flood forecasting (FF) is one of the most challenging problems in Hydraulic Engineering. It is also most important due to tremendous contribution in reducing economic and life losses that usually occurs during flooding. Major part of the FF system is hydrologic and hydraulic model that simulate runoff and corresponding water levels in rivers, based on the input data that are results from the meteorologic forecasting model. Major uncertainty of the FF systems that operates in real time usually stems from combined hydrologic-hydraulic model, apart from the large uncertainty that comes from the meteorological model. This uncertainty significantly rises when the catchments of interests are ungauged. In this paper, methodology of setting hydrological and hydraulic model that operates in real time FF and early warning system is presented. Case study are ungauged basins of Ukrina, Tinja and Brka, tributaries of Sava River.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AN UNGAUGED BASIN MODELLING RESULTS BY THREE CONCEPTUAL HYDROLOGICAL MODELS

2022-06-18T11:24:50+02:00

The hydrometeorological data availability is the main issue for hydrological modeling, especially pronounced in ungauged basins. The research presented in the paper attempts at overcoming the data availability issue by applying three different hydrological models, and observing the most acceptable basin response from an ungauged basin. The calibration and validation of models is performed on flow duration curves from nearby gauged catchments, and the agreement of simulated and ′observed′ flows is compared visually and quantitively for characteristic flows. An annual distribution of monthly to mean flow ratio is also observed. The best performing model is HBV light, although the studied annual flow ratio and the ratio pattern cannot be achieved by any of the applied models in the periods of calibration and validation.

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VENTILATED FAÇADE TYPOLOGIES

2022-06-18T11:35:48+02:00

The energy efficiency of the construction sector is denoted by the European energy and environmental policies, by international standards and national legislation. Ventilated facades can contribute towards more efficient buildings, hence this paper focuses on the evaluation of ventilated façade construction typologies and the impact of thermal radiance exposure. The selected scenarios were evaluated in terms of thermophysical analysis and laboratory measurements, and based on the results useful conclusions can be derived. Nevertheless, there is need of further investigation towards alternative configurations of the facades, such as implementing alternative ventilation configurations and patterns as well as more innovative and technical efficient construction materials.

ENERGY EFFICIENT REFURBISHMENT OF MUNICIPAL PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN BELGRADE, SERBIA

2022-06-18T11:42:42+02:00

The paper presents the methodological approach for improvement of energy performance of public buildings in the process of partial refurbishment, having in mind the constrains that are originating from existing technological, material and stylistic characteristics. Being the carriers of wider social and historical connotations, these buildings are often under the certain level of protection as the parts of the cultural heritage making the process of improvement a complex one. For this reason, an improvement path algorithm has been defined and consequently tested on two representative cases investigating the boundaries, possibilities and outcomes of the energy refurbishment procedures.

ENERGY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE RENOVATION OF THE KINDERGARTEN IN BANJA LUKA ACCORDING TO THE CURRENT RULEBOOK AND NZEB

2022-06-18T11:49:57+02:00

In the subject area, the term nZEB standard appears in 2011 in the legislative framework, but it never came to life, nor in the construction of new buildings, and completely unknown in the renovation of buildings. The reasons for this are insufficiently researched possibilities, i.e., unanalysed energy savings and economic profitability during the building renovation according to the valid regulations and the nZEB standard. This research analysed a specific type of building, a kindergarten, which must also respect the rules and does not have its own classification related to energy classes. Analysis has shown that, depending on the type of building, all possibilities for improving construction should be explored, not only in energy but also in redesign shape, since in this way, it is possible to reduce energy consumption to a minimum.

IMPACT OF DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF SPATIAL ABILITIES OF ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS

2022-06-18T11:57:57+02:00

Spatial intelligence is an important skill for students of technical faculties, especially those fields where the capacity for engineering thinking and creative expression is equally valued. The field of Architecture is emphasized here, and the issue of assessing the spatial abilities of architecture students and their improvement has often been observed. This paper will examine the impact of the course of descriptive geometry on the development of their spatial thinking, and whether there is progress between the initial spatial abilities with which students were enrolled and abilities after completing the first semester of study.

ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGES OF URBAN AREAS USING NEURAL NETWORKS

2022-06-18T12:07:58+02:00

Land use/Land cover (LULC) is crucial for land management. This study shows the spatiotemporal dynamics of LULC for a wide area of Novi Sad with the emphasis on the urban area analysis. Results presented in this study aim to estimate LULC changes and predict future trends of urban area expansion in Novi Sad. Conducted study shows that in the years to come there will be a decrease in the urban area expansion compared to last 35 years.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE URBAN GREEN MATRIX THROUGH URBAN REGULATION AND ARRANGEMENT OF UNDEVELOPED SPACES - CASE STUDY OF LAUSH SETTLEMENT IN BANJALUKA

2022-06-18T12:15:30+02:00

This paper aims to examine the state of undeveloped spaces in urban areas. The first part of the paper focuses on the state of the urban landscape's undeveloped spaces. To recognize their character and quality, the Narrative Spatial Analytics (NSA) method was proposed. It integrates three design research techniques which enable landscape designers to expand the scope of their research practice. The second part of the paper discusses a case study of neglected green space in the Laush settlement in Banjaluka, which could be incorporated into the Banjaluka green matrix. The phases of the solution concept for the arrangement of a new park and the elaboration details were analyzed, which completed the process of improving the Banjaluka green matrix.

LINEAR LANDSCAPE. THE IDEA OF ACTIVATION OF THE OLD BANJA LUKA - ČELINAC ROAD AS A NARRATIVE ITINERARY

2022-06-22T16:29:01+02:00

Cities worldwide reshape their urban infrastructure by taking care of healthier and more economical
lifestyles. The idea is to reflect the role of urban design and architecture in promoting sustainable
urban mobility in Banja Luka and reading of the territory that brings citizens closer to its suburban
environment, beyond avoiding constant use of private cars. The study was conducted during the
spring of 2021 with a group of students from the Faculty of Architecture. The result is an offer of
scenarios for further development of the narrative itinerary in the linear territory between Banja
Luka and Čelinac. The study offers prototype conditions that could be relevant in similar contexts
and form part of an open discussion on possible approaches to the challenges inside and outside of
Bosnia and Herzegovina.

SHRINKING RURAL AREAS OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

2022-06-22T16:45:52+02:00

Globalization produced a disparity manifested through spatial polarization - growing and shrinking
territories. Shrinkage is an increasingly global phenomenon that affects cities, villages, and entire
regions around the world. Population loss and economic decline make these areas vulnerable - its
vitality and sustainability are endangered. Starting from the assumption that the rural areas are
particularly affected by shrinkage, this research addresses stagnant trends in the northwest region of
Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this research is to identify and assess the level of rural shrinkage
in the region, as well as to underline directions for future action in response to these negative trends.
The results of the research are presented cartographically using Arc GIS software.

COLLECTIVE HOUSING FORM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DISPERSED CITY: BANJA LUKA CASE STUDY

2022-06-22T17:12:45+02:00

The paper discusses how the dispersed urban form of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina) is
related to the collective housing form that emerged during the 20th and 21st centuries. The
morphological study resulted in the typological patterns of collective housing form based on the
relationship between the house and open space and follows its transformation during the period. It
was based on a qualitative analysis of the figure/ground ratio and its configuration, and the
correlation of morphology results to distinct economic issues and architectural paradigms. The
research confirmed that open space was continually and significantly present in collective housing
form in all typological patterns. The diffuseness and openness on the housing scale contributed to
the dispersity of urban form on a larger scale.

NEIDHARDT’S VERNACULAR-MODERNIST GLOSSARY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA’S ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM

2022-06-23T15:47:23+02:00

The construction principles underlying Bosnia and Herzegovina’s traditional building and the
characteristics of its modernist architecture provide a basis for a set of criteria to evaluate its
modernist heritage. The architect and town planner Juraj Neidhardt created a modernist-vernacular
glossary of Bosnian-Herzegovinian architecture and town planning, with new terms based on
analogies with concepts and spatial elements used in the past. Neidhardt’s modernism has regional
characteristics and is the earliest representation of critical regionalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
in the 1970s. There is a real need to reconsider and conceptualize alternative approaches to the
process of revaluation of the entire material heritage of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian modernist era.

POSSIBILITY OF USING SENTINEL RADAR SATELLITE IMAGES

2022-06-23T16:09:32+02:00

The use of active radar systems ensured the acquisition data of Earths surface on any place and at
all time, in any atmospheric contidions. This paper presents the possibility of a Sentinel radar
satellite system and the advantage of publicly available data and open source software solutions.

IPHONE 13 PRO VS PROFESSIONAL TLS FOR 3D INDOOR MAPPING

2022-06-23T16:29:18+02:00

In recent years, fast and simple acquisition of geospatial data, fast processing, and distribution is a
trend that characterizes geoinformation technologies. The primacy of the acquisition is based on
image processing technology and laser scanning. This paper attempts to answer how acceptable
these technologies are incorporated into smartphones which can be used for data acquisition. A
comparative analysis of the results collected by smartphone and professional laser scanners has been
made. The results presented in the paper confirm the usability of the iPhone LiDAR device in the
acquisition of point cloud and the development of 3D models of indoor spaces.

COMPARISON OF IRI-2016 AND NEQUICK MODELS OF THE IONOSPHERE OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA DURING THE YEAR 2019

2022-08-31T22:00:16+02:00

In this paper, a comparative study of the total vertical electron content (VTEC) calculated using the IRI-2016 and NeQuick2 models were performed. The research was done for the days of maximum solar activity in 2019, with data from seven IGS GNNS stations in the region of the Balkan Peninsula. The results show that both models agree quite well with the observed VTEC values obtained from GNSS measurements at all stations, although with some offset observed during several days at different times. The IRI-2016 model performed better than the NeQuick2 model most of the days and stations for which the NeQuick model overestimates the GNSS VTEC. The results show that the Neckick model gives better quality values in some cases, but for isolated instances.

MOBILE LASER SCANNING FOR DETAILED DIGITAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING

2022-08-31T22:10:28+02:00

Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) is a technique characterized by high data acquisition efficiency and level of detail. However, a lot of information contained in the LiDAR point cloud is only implicitly available. Therefore, in order to create a digital topographic map from a large quantity of MLS survey data, it is necessary to define a methodology that requires a combination of various software tools. In general, the applied methodology mainly depends on the final product specifications (data model, accuracy, level of detail, etc.). This paper describes the standard methodology of creating a detailed digital topographic map using data collected by MLS, which proved to be two times faster than the conventional methods (total station or GNSS survey).

DESIGNING OF CONTINUOUS DAM MONITORING USING GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

2022-08-31T22:18:37+02:00

The paper presents the procedure for designing a geodetic system for continuous dam monitoring and equipment necessary for the application of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). It also points out the conditions that must be respected when choosing the position of the network points and indicates the advantages and disadvantages of this system in relation to systems based on terrestrial methods. Basically, both systems provide the data necessary to monitor dam stability. Theoretical considerations have been applied to monitoring system of Soubella earth-filled dam, in Algeria. The dam created an artificial lake with a capacity of 160,000,000 m3, providing water for irrigation in the settlement below the dam. Due to the settlement vicinity, it is planned to carry out continuous dam monitoring.

GEOIDS AS TWO DIMENSIONAL HYPERSURFACES

2022-08-31T22:34:55+02:00

We propose a research of geoids as real hypersufaces. Moreover, we give adjustment of some classical results on hyperusrfaces to CR submanifolds. Our main focus is to study the properties of second fundamental form which give us information on the shape of a hypersurface.
Keywords: geoids, hypersurfaces, shape operator, CR submanifolds.

GENDER DIFFERENTIATION OR EQUALITY IN TRANSPORT PROJECTS: CASE STUDY ROAD SECTOR MODERNIZATION IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2022-08-31T22:54:35+02:00

Transport projects provide us with better, faster roads, save travel times, but also lead to occurrences of health and safety risks. Data shows that males are the group that are most affected by such risks. However, they become far less cooperative when confronted with this fact. At the same time, women are the group that is more likely to accept new methods or ideas concerning road projects. They are also more focused on road safety and concerned about associated community health and safety risks. Yet, women are far less involved in any kind of official interaction, and that is why their scope of interest is more likely to be neglected. The paper analyzes how transport projects affect differently women and men and presents recommendations to improve benefits for both genders.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE ACHIVEMENTS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS

2022-08-31T23:20:51+02:00

The paper analyzes gender differences in the length of study and average grade between the number of enrolled and graduated students at the Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy in Banjaluka, during the period from 1996 to 2015. It was concluded that women, in civil engineering studies, are just as successful as men. However, it is noticeable that women in Bosnia and Herzegovina, enroll much less in engineering studies. Engineering studies need to be more popularized among women. The results of the analysis are presented using the SPSS statistical analysis software package.

EDUCATION OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERS IN SERBIA FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODEL

2022-08-31T23:10:32+02:00

Understanding the developmental needs of society, engineers have always enabled the development of civilization. Due to the challenges they faced and the tasks that await engineers in the future, there is a need for their new knowledge and skills, necessary to solve problems related to the paradigm of sustainable development. This paper analyzes the requirements of the sustainable development model and the role of architectural engineers in creating solutions within this model. The basic potential for sustainable development consists of educated and professional people in general, education and training of architectural engineers for efficient performance, in modern conditions imposed by globalization with strong competition in the open world market and knowledge society.

COMPATIBILITY OF EU AND SERBIAN ENERGY POLICIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BUILDINGS

2022-08-31T23:34:58+02:00

The sustainable development of Serbia and the process of accession to the European Union cannot be viewed as separate or parallel processes, but represent a mechanism of holistic transformation of Serbian society into a sustainable community. It is a matter of normative regulation of the relationship between the new necessary values of true development. The process of harmonization of EU and Serbian energy policies in the construction sector is important, in terms of achieving energy efficiency of buildings. This paper deals with the issues of verification of national construction regulations on energy efficiency of buildings in order to achieve energy savings and strengthen market surveillance of energy efficient products implemented in EU member states.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVMENTS OF THE BUILDING STOCK: REPUBLIC OF SERBIA LEGISLATION COMPLIANCE TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

2022-08-31T23:45:48+02:00

The paper analyses the notion of improving energy efficiency, as a means of increasing sustainability by lowering energy demand in the building sector globally, also acknowledged in Serbian law-making through regulations aimed towards its advancement. EU Candidate Country status imposes changes to the existing legislative and strategic framework regarding following its directives, which then become incorporated into the laws, regulations, and standards of the Republic of Serbia. By means of descriptive content analysis, official documents related to energy efficiency in architectural design and construction are reviewed in order to determine its scope and raise awareness of the levels and opportunities of upgrading the building stock that such legislative framework supports.

RADON SOURCES AND ACTION LEVELS

2022-08-31T23:53:39+02:00

Radon is by far the largest contributor to population exposure because the dose received from radon and its progeny exceeds all other radiation sources. After smoking, it is the second most frequent cause of the lung cancer, therefore it is classified as Group 1 carcinogenic to humans. The soil under a building is the major source of indoor radon. An important contribution to indoor radon concentration comes from building materials whose composition includes volcano rocks as well as household water. The aim of this paper is to present a brief overview of indoor radon sources and prescribed permitted concentration levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the world. Finally, the hazardous effects on human health have been discussed.

ENERGY RENOVATION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENVELOPE USING ORGANIC MATERIALS FOR THE LEVEL OF COST-OPTIMAL IMPROVEMENT/ UPGRADE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AND SERBIA

2022-09-01T00:06:39+02:00

Towards building renovation strategies, the research is led by a very deep renovation of residential buildings, which would reduce the energy need for heating below 40 kWh/m2 or create energy savings 60%. The renovation of the building envelope, guided by organic materials (such as wood), which is in the one of key principles in the New Renovation Wave Strategy of the European Union from October 2020, is presented in the paper. Energy saving made by renovating building envelopes using wooden modular systems, are shown through characteristic building on which their application is adequate. Case study from Bosnia and Herzegovina indicate possible energy savings of 81% for residential type Multi-family houses – MFH from period 1961-1970.

AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE SPATIAL LAYOUT OF MARKET STALLS ON THE QUALITY OF THEIR VISIBILITY USING ISOVIST FIELD: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2022-09-01T00:14:43+02:00

City markets attract people with their content. Whether this content will be visually perceived depends on its exposure to users. It is generally known that users naturally gravitate towards spaces that are clear and easy to navigate. Visual-spatial quality is therefore one of the main characteristics of such city spaces, which are often overlooked in the design process, and it is necessary to work on their improvement. The purpose of this research is to make a contribution in terms of the possibility of incorporating visibility analysis into the decision-making process in city markets design by using isovist fields to evaluate their visual-spatial configurations.

SPATIAL-FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SALON APARTMENT IN SERBIA

2022-09-01T00:30:30+02:00

The salon apartment is a residential typology that developed in Serbia from the middle of the 19th century until the beginning of the Second World War. The spatial-functional organization of the salon apartment is characterized by typological characteristics such as: division of space into two zones, salon, central room, pass-through dining room, etc. These characteristics have been developed according to oriental and western European influences. The paper will investigate the development, organization and typology of salon apartments in Serbia.

SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF MULTIFAMILY SOCIAL HOUSING – KEY CRITERIA RELEVANT FOR THE QUALITY OF HOUSING

2022-09-01T00:36:53+02:00

In order to ensure the sustainability of social housing, the living conditions should meet basic biological needs [demands], but they should also have a stimulating effect on the psycho-social development of the users. The focus of the research is on identification and definition of the physical and spatial criteria that are essential for the quality and sustainability of this type of housing in order to distinguish the dwelling layouts [housing models] that can be considered appropriate for the specific requirements of social housing,

SMALL URBAN STREAMS IN ENHANCING CITY RESILIENCE – THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF USE IN THE CITY OF NIŠ, SERBIA

2022-09-01T00:42:59+02:00

Within an integrated planning approach, urban streams are a valuable natural resource with strategic significance for creating resilient cities. This paper explores the revitalization of small urban streams within sustainable development practices, and discusses the manifold benefits that it brings about. Best practice examples are presented to illustrate how watercourse revitalization improves flood mitigation and stormwater treatment, strengthens urban ecology, diversifies recreation options, and enhances visual appeal of the waterfront. These experiences are used to establish urban planning and design guidelines for revitalization of small streams in the City of Niš. The results of this study should help with both setting up policy framework and implementation in planning practice.

APLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED PLANNING IN THE URBAN PLAN OF BANJALUKA 2020–2040 WITH A FOCUS ON THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

2022-09-01T00:47:17+02:00

The application of the principle of integrated planning is the basis of modern planning aimed at sustainable and resilient built environments. It refers to an adequate methodological framework and procedural steps of planning, as well as to the satisfactory general social conditions in which spatial planning takes place, which, especially in transition societies, is still difficult to achieve. Some improvements in this area are, however, possible in practice at the local level. This paper is focused on the sustainable use of natural resources in the urban area of the city, by applying the principles of integrated planning to the example of the Urban Plan of Banja Luka 2020–2040.

ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGIES AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY: UNDERSTANDING AND TRANSLATION OF HISTORICAL MATERIAL

2022-09-01T00:52:57+02:00

21st century architecture, in line with the rapid development of technology, could be read through many different architectural expressions and movements in just the first two decades, but they all aim the same - sustainability and energy efficiency. The decade-long process of building the Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering in Banja Luka has been presented and tested several times from various aspects of architectural technologies, with energy tasks for the future and response to such targeted requirements. In this paper, the focus is on its roots in conceptual (post) modern architecture in order to understanding and translating the historical material of the ideology of expressive High Tech architecture, all in the context in which this new Faculty building is being created.

MAN AND SPACE OF EXCHANGE - STRATEGIES AND TACTICS FOR DESIGNING A MARKETPLACE AS A PLACE FOR EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES

2022-09-01T00:58:23+02:00

The marketplace has been transforming throughout history in relation to typo-morphology, causing changes in socio-spatial relationships negotiated on many levels. The question is: how do different centers of power change the typo-morphology of a marketplace and thus influence everyday social life? In this paper, we try to understand these changes in relationship between a man and a marketplace, where we analyze his position within the space of exchange through strategies of power and everyday tactics. How does a man feel in these types of spaces: is he/she feeling free and protected on the one hand, or isolated on the other? The answer can be seen through exchange of tactics of everyday activities.

CULTURE OF MEMORY AND HERITAGE AS A STRONG CONNECTION – A CASE OF MONASTERY OF THE HOLY ARCHANGELS IN PRIZREN

2022-09-01T01:03:13+02:00

The paper researches monasteries as special “places” that are culture bearers from the Middle Ages – when this type of religious community was established – to the present day. They are strongly embedded in the identity of a nation in a way that they have all characteristics of tangible and intangible heritage. The paper researches a relationship that monasteries have as a point of gathering, culture preservation, customs and tradition, which contributes to building knowledge about the manner of living in past centuries. A case study, which was used to explore the role of monasteries in a collective memory and fostering of Serbian cultural heritage, relates to the Monastery of the Holy Archangels in Prizren which was an important pillar of Serbian medieval culture.

USER NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE OF CELESTIAL BODIES

2022-10-14T22:06:49+02:00

Large amounts of data are collected on space bodies, and all data is available to all users free of charge through various archives and portals. When searching for data, especially non-space scientists, often have problems because the archives are tailored to meet only space experts needs. Prior knowledge about missions is necessary to search data and use archives. Large amounts of data, and the interest of the public impose the need to develop Spatial Data Infrastructure of Celestial Bodies to enable efficient use and exchange of data. In this paper user needs assessment, in the form of global survey, for the purpose of establishing SDICB was con-ducted. The results will serve as a basis for establishing guidelines for the implantation of the SDICB concept.

INFLUENCE OF MATERIAL SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON BACKSCATTERING IN LASER SCANNING

2022-10-14T22:14:29+02:00

In this paper, the possibility of applying Kirchhoff 's scalar approximation model for determining the backscattering coefficient from rough surfaces is investigated. Surfaces of dielectric and metallic materials, which have low roughness are considered. Based on the roughness parameters and electrical properties of these materials, the backscattering coefficient is modelled as a function of the incident angle of electromagnetic radiation used in laser scanning. It was represented that the type of scattering and the range of backscattering radiation angles, in the case of seemingly smooth surfaces, vary significantly when the roughness parameters change.

MONITORING OF SECURITY OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS WITH MINERAL MATERIALS BY REMOTE DETECTION

2022-10-14T22:21:07+02:00

The need to produce organic food and increase yields plays a significant role in the planning of agricultural production and the economy of the state in general. Monitoring and modeling of all stages of production implies the establishment of smart agriculture concepts based on the use of remote sensing results. This work procedure implies abandoning the classic homogenization in the approach to the cultivation of agricultural land and provides the possibility of anticipating problems and timely action, which should provide an increase in yield with environmental production conditions.

3D LASER SCANNING FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS

2022-10-14T22:29:57+02:00

Buildings and their infrastructure are one of the foundations of every civilized society for a normal and comfortable life. Since the lifespan of buildings also passes over time, they need to be maintained and after a certain time, renovation or reconstructed. Reconstruction and renovation of a building includes the performance of construction and other works for the purpose of its renovation. An important step in the reconstruction and renovation is the collection of geospatial data. 3D laser scanning is an advanced geomatic technology for collecting geospatial data for the purpose of analyzing geospatial information and creating the necessary technical basis for further design work.

ASSESSMENT OF THE POSITIONAL ACCURACY OF THE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP 1:50.000 MADE BY MGI

2022-10-14T22:41:36+02:00

The paper describes the methodology of testing and evaluating the positional accuracy of the topographic map of Serbia in the scale of 1: 50 000, published by the Military Geographical Institute from Belgrade, and gives an overview of the obtained results.The assessment of accuracy is done by comparing the planimetric coordinates of the map points to the coordinates of the same points as determined by a field measurements of very higher accuracy, according to American National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy.

USING OF LOW COST MOISTURE SENSORS IN LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS

2022-10-14T22:48:57+02:00

Soil moisture is one of crucial parameters in modeling and analysis of groundwater flow. Measurement of soil water dynamics improves the understanding of processes and is vital for good groundwater flow model calibration. Determining soil moisture change during time by laboratory methods, as an integral part of practical classes, requires significant material and financial resources. Nowadays, relatively cheap sensors for measuring soil moisture are available. They could be combined with affordable data loggers to speed up the measurement procedure and to reduce cost price. In this paper, the possibility of using these sensors for measuring soil moisture and their usage for the educational experimental exercises in a field of hydraulic engineering was investigated. The paper first presents the procedure of sensor calibration for four different sensors used in two types of soil, and then their usage in a simple hydraulic engineering experiment.

DYNAMIC AMPLIFICATION FACTOR OF ROAD BRIDGES – ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS

2022-10-14T22:56:40+02:00

This paper discusses the problem of theoretical and experimental determination of dynamic factors of road bridges. Various parameters influencing the dynamic behavior of bridges are briefly described and a review of regulations in this field is given. Also, an example of the numerical determination of the dynamic amplification factor on a specific bridge structure using dynamic time history analysis in SAP2000 software is presented. Some established methods for the experimental control of the design dynamic amplification on real structures are given, as well as a data and analysis of experimentally obtained results on a series of concrete bridges on the Banja Luka-Doboj highway.

DETERMINATION OF VENTILATION HEAT LOSSES THROUGH BUILDING ENVELOPE – A CASE STUDY

2022-10-14T23:07:34+02:00

In this paper the experimental procedure for the determination of ventilation heat losses across building envelopes has been shown. The alternative name for this method is Blower Door Test or Fan Pressurization method. This text is a user manual for the determination of ventilation heat losses and parameters which is used to describe the air permeability of buildings. The experiment examination was performed at the office with old and after with new windows. The results were compared, and a significant contribution of new windows was shown.

THE HEAT BALANCE FOR EXTERNAL COMPOSITE WALLS

2022-10-14T23:28:34+02:00

One of the first steps in reducing energy consumption for heating and cooling buildings is developing of thermal insulation envelope of building. Nowadays contemporary walls have constructions composed from different layers – which make composite structures. We have developed model of the heat balance and based on that model simulation that could analyze and determine the heat balance and temperature distribution inside the buildings in dependence from external conditions and temperature distribution inside the walls and on their boundaries between different layers. All cases represents passive isolation, where the heat balance depend only on materials characteristics, on their heat transfer coefficients, thermal conductance properties and thickness of used materials. For various combinations of today available construction and insulating materials, we have calculated the overall coefficients of heat transmission. Our calculations confirm advantage of usage hollow bricks instead solid bricks, and placing insulation layers on the outer side of walls. Furthermore, those simulations will serve as test for the wider project of the dynamic heat flow experiments in general structures and among them in nanostructures as well.

THE INFLUENCE OF A REGULATED CITY COAST ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE CITY OF BRČKO

2022-10-14T23:38:47+02:00

Urban development has always been related to the proximity of watercourses and the possibility of their use. Water in urban areas is essential for various infrastructure systems. Water areas in cities are also crucial for the population because they enable multiple activities. On the city shores along rivers or lakes, different spatial concepts are being developed that have a specific impact on the quality of life of the city's inhabitants. In this paper, the influence of such shores on the quality of city life will be examined in the example of the arranged city coast in the city of Brčko. Therefore, a structural analysis of the coast will be done, followed by an analysis of the quality of that area. The research results seek to raise awareness of the importance of these areas in cities.

HOUSING NATURE, REPRESENTING »NATURE«: ARCHITECTURE OF CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES AND THEIR TRANS-PROGRAMMATIC SCIONS

2022-10-14T23:48:18+02:00

Buildings intended specifically for growing plants – greenhouses, glasshouses, conservatories, orangeries and similar – represent relatively recent addition to the history and repertoire of architecture. In their three centuries of notable existence these structures managed to not only enable cultivation of climatically-exotic plants far away from their natural range, but also to form a particular genre of architecture, which developed through different phases, from high exclusivity to near irrelevance. Starting, not only from historical examples, but also form the general promise of enclosed ecologies, this paper aims both to analyze the phenomenon of greenhouse, as well as to propose directions for its possible further developments.

ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC LOAD OF SIMPLE BEAMS USING GEODETIC AND GEOTECHNICAL SENSORS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2022-10-15T00:03:01+02:00

In this paper, the analysis of the dynamic load of the beam using geodetic and geotechnical sensors was performed. From the group of geodetic sensors, GPS/GNSS receivers were used, while from the group of geotechnical sensors, an accelerometer was used. The measurements were performed in laboratory conditions, and the experiment itself was designed so that the measurements from several series were independent of each other. For the experiment, a construction was made on which all sensors are mounted, which ensures their smooth operation in real time, as well as the setting of different loads. Based on the obtained measurement results, the analysis was performed and conclusions were drawn, as well as the directions of future development.

CONTROL OF SUBSTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

2023-03-08T19:21:42+01:00

Control of compaction of natural soil (in excavation) or compacted in the embankment during the construction of roads is one of the basic forms of quality control of the substructure. When building high-speed roads (highways and high-speed railways), the priority is to achieve a high level of control over the performed work. In order to prevent differential settlement (during the construction of the embankment), or to change the volume due to additional compaction of the material, which inevitably leads to deformations, it is necessary to perform optimal compaction of the material. Within this paper, the technical regulations governing the control of compaction in the construction of railway infrastructure in the Republic of Serbia are presented.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXCAVATION AND TUNNEL SOLUTIONS FOR THE ROAD DRENOVO - RAEC

2023-03-08T19:32:52+01:00

When withdrawing the route of the expressway Drenovo - Raec, the axis of the road is forced to stretch near or through the mountain massifs. This created a general dilemma, whether to make classical excavations or tunnel constructions in certain locations. Considerations were also made for the decision on high embankments or viaducts. The characteristic location presented in this paper is located between the existing national road and the river Raec. For this location, a comparative analysis of the variant solutions for excavation and tunnel was made and the main parameters that affect the final solution were indicated.

CRANE GIRDER DESIGN ACCORDING TO EUROCODE – NUMERICAL EXAMPLE OF A CRANE GIRDER IN A HYDROPOWER PLANT

2023-03-08T19:39:50+01:00

With the adoption of Eurocodes in the field of civil engineering in Bosnia and Herzegovina, analysis of structures becomes more complex compared to previous regulations. Consequently, the analysis of crane track girders becomes more detailed, with a higher degree of analysis controls during dimensioning. This paper presents the load analysis and design checks of crane girders for ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state, according to Eurocode, with the presentation of the most important parameters and design limitations, such as load classifications, dynamic coefficients, limitations for serviceability states. Furthermore, a numerical example of a crane track support for a bridge crane in the machine building of a 25t hydropower plant is given.

USING AND MODELING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR ON DENSELY REINFORCED SLABS

2023-03-08T19:46:38+01:00

Ground Penetrating Radar - GPR by modern equipment has grown in importance in recent years in non-destructive testing. Estimating steel rebar position and diameter is the main focus for assessment of existing reinforcement concrete facilities. This paper presents the latest modern non-destructive technique – suitable for testing reinforcement concrete members. The capabilities of this technique for locating reinforcement bars in unilaterally accessible, densely reinforcement slab are described.

ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLOORING EPOXY

2023-03-08T19:51:50+01:00

Epoxy resins are a class of reactive oligomers and polymers with epoxide groups. Depending on the type of epoxy and the hardener used, the curing (hardening) process can be regulated. Consequently, epoxy resins can be characterized by the "working time" or pot-life - the time it provides for certain technological operations to be performed with it. In the hardened state, epoxies are characterized by high strengths and high chemical resistance. Among other applications, they are widely used as materials for industrial floors, and for waterproofing. Laboratory optimization tests have shown that high strengths can be achieved with a lower density, and that the use of quartz filler does not necessarily improve the strength of the epoxy.

THE AMBIVALENCE OF SPACE IN HOUSING ARCHITECTURE AS A RESULT OF LAYERED ARCHITECTONIC STRUCTURE

2023-03-08T19:59:28+01:00

Space that cannot be precisely defined by certain conventional spatial chategory (for example as interior or exterior), because it takes over the characteristics of variuous spaces, expresses ambivalent features. Such a spatial chategory often occurs in complex architectonic structures, that are created by the insertion of spatial layers one within another. Its presence enriches the spatial experience of the architecture and contributes to the creation of unique ambience values, that affect the residents’ lives. This paper has the goal to investigate the spaces of this kind in housing architecture and to determine their importance in the terms of housing comfort.

AESTHETIC CONTRASTS OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN ARCHITECTURE: RARE HIGH ACHIEVEMENTS AND PREVAILING WANDERING

2023-03-08T20:03:37+01:00

The period between the two World Wars was a golden age of the rise of Belgrade and other cities in Serbia. After the Second World War, there was a period of stagnation in urban areas, but there were also high achievements in the field of urban reconstruction. With the social changes that took place in the last two decades of the 20th century, with the advent of transition, the attitude towards the urban renewal of cities in Serbia, especially Belgrade, also changed. These changes brought higher quantity, and lower and lower aesthetic quality of new construction in cities. This possible view of a small part of quality, but also inappropriate architectural - urban practice in the field of urban reconstruction of Belgrade, is accompanied by a picture of the social context in its basic features.

ANALYSIS OF REVITALIZATION AND CONVERSION OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SITES ON THE EXAMPLE OF RENZO PIANO BUILDING WORKSHOP-PATHE FOUNDATION

2023-03-08T20:07:23+01:00

Designing and building a new building in a historic city block is connecting modern and contemporary architecture with existing historically significant buildings. The Pate Foundation of the Renzo Piano Buiding Workshop design team is located in Paris, France. The subject of research of this paper would refer to the analysis of revitalization and conversion of cultural and historical objects. The aim of this paper is to use a detailed analysis of the origin and development of all buildings on the site to indicate the ability of designers that their architectural building can get a good aesthetic solution that fits into the environment and does not disturb the cultural and historical significance of previous and existing buildings.

GEOMATIC DATA FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS. THE CASE STUDY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF ST. LUKE IN ATHENS, GREECE

2023-03-08T20:16:37+01:00

The application of contemporary methods, tools and the equipment to produce technical documentation for heritage buildings is a cuttingedge topic that brings together engineers from various fields of technical sciences. Focusing on one specific heritage example, that is the church of St. Luke in Athens, this paper explains entire methodological process of generating the data on physical characteristics of architectural objects by combining several geo-spatial methods and techniques. The final product is the spatial model of church building, formed from generated point cloud. The model represents a basis from which different forms of technical documentation can be produced, from layouts and elevations, to sections, to details, to 3D representations.

3D MODELS BASED ON UAV IMAGES AND GNSS TECHNOLOGY IN THE FIELDS OF ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING, SPATIAL PLANNING, AND ENERGETICS

2023-03-08T20:23:37+01:00

The paper presents projects in the fields of architecture, spatial planning and energetics, in order to analyze the quality of 3D terrain models obtained by combining photogrammetry using drone images (UAV) and terrestrial measurements obtained by GNSS technology. In terms of geometric accuracy, the geometry of the reconstructed point clouds was controlled in three different projects. The achieved geometric accuracy met the criteria of required accuracy defined by clients. Further, the paper provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of such a methodology, as well as a review of the legislation that accompanies UAV systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina / Republika Srpska.

PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION FOR REGISTRATION OF CONDOMINIUM OWNERSHIP

2023-03-08T20:36:24+01:00

For efficient state development, regulated land administration is core. The biggest part of achieving this goal is the activity on organizing efficient land administration. Implementing the number of projects in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Srpska is partially managed to get the administration to another level. The activity aims are to provide unambiguous data in and land register and to connect them with the real situation on the land. Recording of condominium units improves land administration and contributes to the development of the real estate market, making planning documents and economic development.

GEODETIC WORKS ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MRKE TUNNEL IN THE CONTEXT OF METHOD OF EXECUTION OF WORKS AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

2023-03-08T22:06:43+01:00

In this paper geodetic works during the excavation of tunnels are presented, with specific example of Mrke Tunnel on the highway section Smokovac -Mateševo in Montenegro. All phases of geodetic works have been presented, such as the construction of underground and overground geodetic networks, control of tunnel excavation process, as well as geodetic works on the monitoring of radial deformations during the excavation. The New Austrian Tunnel Method (NATM) has been implemented for the excavation of the Mrke Tunnel, therefore the concept of active geotechnical design was presented and the review of specific geodetic works on surveying and monitoring with reference to its application was provided. The geomorphological conditions of the surveyed structure have also been presented.

GEODETIC CONTROL OF GEOMETRY OF ENGINEERING FACILITY DURING CONSTRUCTION – CASE STUDY RESIDENTIAL–BUSINESS FACILITY IN SRBAC

2023-03-08T22:11:30+01:00

The paper presents the procedure of geodetic control of the geometry of a residential-business building under construction, by testing the compliance of the position of the designed and constructed characteristic points of the building. It is described the manner of designing and establishing a geodetic network from which the marking and control of geometry was performed. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the derived geometry is agreed with designed one. In this way, it was once again confirmed that the establishment of a quality geodetic network, marking and the application of suitable models for testing linear hypotheses play an important role in the successful realization of the projected geometry of the object using geodetic methods.