ZBORNIK STED KONFERENCIJE

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS ACROSS VARIOUS DOMAINS: A RESEARCH OVERVIEW

2025-09-12T09:35:11+02:00

The research provides an examination of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) application across diverse domains of creativity. In addition to exploring the theoretical background of machine learning and artificial intelligence, numerous practical applications of ANNs are discussed in fields such as education, agriculture, traffic, environmental protection and healthcare. The primary aim of these studies is to enhance predictive capabilities across various parameters, thereby facilitating automation of processes or generating valuable insights within specific domains. The outcomes of these applications result in user-friendly interfaces designed to disseminate useful information to individuals without advanced IT proficiency. Future work in this area is anticipated to involve the integration of additional sensors to obtain more precise results and ensure the incorporation of all relevant input parameters.

БОСНА И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНА У СВЈЕТСКОЈ МИГРАНТСКОЈ КРИЗИ: ПОЛИТИЧКИ И СОЦИЈАЛНИ АСПЕКТИ

2025-12-04T15:05:40+01:00

Највећи дио своје историје људи су живјели „културу миграција“. Помјерајући се са једног на друго мјесто стварали су погодности за себе, али неријетко и конфликте. Систем држава успостављен од неолитске револуције на овамо створио је баријере за кретање људи у виду политичких граница, али и културних, јер је сваки политички простор градио своју специфичну друштвеност и норме понашања. Свијет сиромашних и богатих је данас постављен у кретњу на релацији Југ и Исток према Сјеверу и Западу. Немогућност да прими све мигранте и да их интегрише Европа је показала 2014. године. Мигрантска криза постала је доминантно политичко питање европских грађана и елита. Расправа се најинтезивније одвијала у плуралним и постконфликтним друштвима, гдје је имала највеће политичке и социјалне посљедице. Таква је Босна и Херцеговина која одржава мир и политички поредак кроз системска ријешења „кочнице и равнотеже“, путем преговарања, акомодације и консензуса. Међутим, велике геополитичке, економске и социјалне кризе, попут мигрантске, тест су за политичке партије подијељених и постконфликтних друштава, па тако и босанскохерцеговачког. Из партијских сукоба плурална друштва често излазе још подијељенија и конфликтнија. Мигрантска криза показала је међупартијске разлике и сложеност национално-партијских односа у Босни и Херцеговини, а посебно њене структурне и функционалне слабости. Мигрантска криза отворила је два кључна питња у Босни и Херцеговини. Прво је могућност измјене њене национално-религијске мапе Босне, а друго наметање преноса надлежности из области социјалних политика са ентитетског на државни ниво власти што се латентно покушава током мигрантске кризе. Овај рад је мултидисциплинарног карактера, те припада двијема областима: политичкој теорији и области социјалних политика.

ODRŽIVI PRISTUP TRETMANU OTPADNIH VODA U PROIZVODNJI MLEKA I MLEČNIH PROIZVODA

2025-12-04T15:25:46+01:00

Mlečna industrija proizvodi otpadne vode u svim fazama proizvodnog procesa, od primarne prerade i separacije mleka do proizvodnje, pakovanja i distribucije finalnih proizvoda. U zavisnosti od vrste proizvoda, faze proizvodnje i veličine proizvodnje, otpadna voda koja nastaje, uglavnom se sastoji od ostataka mleka, mlečne masti, proteina, laktoze i ugljenih hidrata, deterdženata i hemijskih reagenasa. Generalno, mlečna industrija proizvodi mnogo otpadnih voda, skoro 0,2–10 l po 1 l prerađenog mleka . S obzirom da mlečna industrija proizvodi različite proizvode, karakteristike efluenta mlečne industrije se takođe značajno menjaju u zavisnosti od tehnika rada koje se koriste u procesu. Otpadne vode mleka karakteriše variranje pH vrednosti; visok nivo biološke potrošnje kiseonika; variranje hemijske potrošnje kiseonika i sadržaja masti, ukupnog fosfora i ukupnog azota. Granične vrednosti emisije za određene grupe ili kategorije zagađujućih supstanci za tehnološke otpadne vode pre njihovog ispuštanja u recipijent definisane su Uredbom o graničnim vrednostima emisije zagačujućih materija u vode i rokovima za njihovo dostizanje (Sl. glasnik RS 67/2011, Sl. glasnik RS 48/2012, Sl. glasnik RS 1/2016). Da bi ispunile zahteve za ograničenje emisije i zaštitile životnu sredinu, mlekare treba da koriste odgovarajuće tretmane otpadnih voda. Ovaj rad će predstaviti tehnike koje su efikasne, ekološki prihvatljive i ekonomski dostupne.

USE OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE FOR ENERGY PURPOSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

2025-12-04T18:41:35+01:00

In the Republic of Serbia, large quantities of animal waste are generated that are not managed adequately. A particular category of this waste is slaughterhouse waste, which has significant potential to be used for energy purposes. Most slaughterhouses and private farms are forced to independently resolve the issue of disposing of slaughterhouse waste, which often ends up in illegal dumps, endangering human health and the environment. The aim of this paper is to highlight the possibilities of transforming slaughterhouse waste into a useful resource for generating thermal and electrical energy in the process of biogas production. Existing biogas plants that use or will use slaughterhouse waste as a substrate have been analyzed. The main energy effect of plants that use slaughterhouse waste is ‘green’ sustainable megawatts of electrical energy. According to expert estimates, approximately two megawatts of electrical energy can be produced from 100 tons of slaughterhouse waste. The ecological benefits of using slaughterhouse waste for energy purposes include protecting human health, watercourses, and groundwater.

NITRATE CONCENTRATION IN DRINKING WATER IN SCHOOLS FROM RURAL AREAS OF THE MAČVA DISTRICT (SERBIA)

2025-12-04T18:51:36+01:00

The schools with their own water supply sources, such as wells, had higher nitrate concentrations compared to those connected to public water supply systems. The retrospective ten-year analysis of nitrate concentrations trend in water samples from private water supply systems (wells) in rural schools of the Mačva district using database of the Institute for Public Health Šabac, were carried out in this study. Data on nitrate concentrations were processed through a retrospective analysis of 4030 water samples. The average ten-year nitrate concentration was 24.4 mg/l. In 235 samples were detected high nitrate concentrations, with the average ten-year value of 113.2 mg/l. The linear trend model suggests that the nitrate concentration was decreasing by 0.9 ml/l per year. The reason for such trend is probably the increase in the implementation of appropriate water treatment methods used to reduce nitrate concentration (reverse osmosis). According to the results it is important to provide regular monitoring and management of nitrate concentrations in drinking water in schools to ensure the health and safety of students. Also, there is a need for the implementation of preventive measures to reduce nitrate pollution, such as promoting sustainable agricultural practices, proper waste management, and investing in advanced water treatment technologies.

LEADERSHIP IN STARTUPS: PIONEERING PATHS TO SUCCESS

2025-12-04T18:58:19+01:00

Leadership is important to startup success, yet it is often underestimated. Startups, which are defined by fast growth, limited resources, working in an environment of high risk and uncertainty and have a desire for innovation, rely mainly on the leadership of its founders or CEOs. This paper aims to study three leadership theories and its impact on a startup, ranging from trait and transformational to transactional leadership. Each theory provides a unique perspective on leadership approach, emphasizing human characteristics, behavioral interactions, and situational flexibility. The paper reviews existing literature about leadership and startups and makes intersection between those two domains. The findings show that trait leadership theory provides insights into the personality qualities of founders, which influence venture survival and direction in the early stage of establishment. While transformational leadership is a good in inspiring creativity and promoting shared goals in transient phase of startup growth. On other hand, transactional leadership gives stability and clarity in larger startups with established structure and bigger staff. As businesses progress through the stages of development, their leadership styles need to evolve to suit shifting demands. From the pursuit of smoothing challenges, networking and funding in the early phases to the formation of defined goals and performance management systems in the long run. This leads to emerging entrepreneurial leadership which is considered as adaptive leadership that is flexible and adapts leadership styles based on the status and situation of the startup firm.

THE IMPORTANCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT SKILLS IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS: PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS

2025-12-04T19:11:22+01:00

Time management skills are increasingly becoming a significant indicator of healthcare workers' productivity in achieving the mission of providing quality healthcare services. In addition to the knowledge and skills they possess, healthcare organizations require their employees to develop successful time management skills, which involve goal setting, planning, setting priorities, time estimation, and performance monitoring. The aim of this study is to examine the perception of employees about time management during work in healthcare organizations in the Republic of Serbia. Empirical research was conducted to achieve this aim. The results showed that healthcare workers are aware that time is the most important resource, yet they do not keep track of their time spent at work, which is a crucial component. Based on the results, it can be concluded that healthcare workers need education to improve their time management skills.

ОТВОРЕНЕ ИНОВАЦИЈЕ ЗА УНАПРЕЂЕЊЕ ЛИДЕРСТВА

2025-12-04T19:15:25+01:00

Отворене иновације су од посебног значаја за квалитет организационог лидерства. Подршка отвореним иновацијама на ниовоу лидера компаније подразумева развој културе промена и подршке, као и организационе климе у духу креативности и отворености. С друге стране, како менаџмент има способност и моћ да сузбије иновативност или утиче на подређене да сузбијају развој иновација, израженија је потреба за јаким системом вредности. Циљ рада је да се укаже на значај отворених иновација за унапређење лидерства из различитих аспеката. Да би се подигао укупни квалитет лидерства на различитим нивоима и у различитим врстама организација, један од кључних начина је подстицање развоја отворених иновација и њихове примене. Од посебног значаја је да се повећа капацитет за коришћење отворених иновација у функцији подизања вероватноће постизања циљева организационог лидерства.

UPRAVLJANJE LJUDSKIM POTENCIJALIMA I MOTIVACIJA ZAPOSLENIH

2025-12-04T19:24:51+01:00

Ljudski potencijal ima značajnu ulogu u preduzeću. Osnovu poslovanja svakog preduzeća čini kvalitet ljudskog potencijala, njihove sposobnosti, vještine, motivacija... Motivacija je jedan od glavnih faktora koji utiče na rad i produktivnost zaposlenih.Veća motivisanost zaposlenika stvara veći motiv za rad, a to doprinosi boljim rezultatima preduzeća. Cilj ovog rada je ukazati da različiti faktori utiču na motivaciju i rad zaposlenih, ali i na koji način se upravlja ljudskim resursima u organizaciji.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОНИ МОДЕЛ 7S У КОНТЕКСТУ ПРАВОСЛАВНОГ И ЕТИЧКОГ ПОСЛОВНОГ ЛИДЕРСТВА

2025-12-04T19:51:07+01:00

Тренд раста интересовања за хришћанску етику и духовност утицао је на организационе моделе и понашање. Духовност даје смисао свакој активности па и организационом лидерству а оно пружа оквир за коришћење организационих модела. Циљ рада је да се одабрани елементи познатог McKinsey модела 7S повежу кроз категорије православног лидерства. Етичко и духовно лидерство се данас развијају као посебне дисциплине. Постоји јака корелација елемената духовног и етичког пословног лидерства са организационим моделом 7S. Развој духовног и етичког лидерства на бази хришћанског морала у организацији може се постићи кроз оправослављивање вредности, отварање структуре, оплемењивање вештина, подизање нивоа мотивације, диференцирање стила и вештина, као и ефикаснију контролу. Са аспекта теорије православног лидерства у настајању немогуће је потпуно без преклапања одвојити и повезати категорије лидерства са елементима 7S модела.

UPRAVLJANJE OBRAČUNOM AMORTIZACIJE NA OSNOVU FINANSIJSKIH IZVEŠTAJA U PROJEKCIJI DOBITI

2025-12-04T19:56:18+01:00

Po savremenom ekonomskom shvatanju preduzeća prioritetni ciljevi poslovne politike definisani su češće od strane većinskih vlasnika a ređe od top menadžera. Preduzeće posluje u nestabilnim tržišnim uslovima često sa nedovoljno usaglašenom organizacijom organizacionih jedinica, kada su u pitanju krajnji ciljevi celine. Pojedinačni ciljevi organizacionih jedinica kao i pojedinih manjih segmenata su često neusaglašeni ili čak u koliziji sa generalnim ciljem poslovanja. Top menadžment preduzeća po nalogu većinskih vlasnika nužno vrši projekciju dobiti na osnovu finansijskih izveštaja u kojima zbirna amortizacija predstavlja značajnu stavku rashoda. U projekciji dobiti na osnovu finansijskih izveštaja koristili smo adekvatne metode statističke analize.

ANALYSES OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL UTILISING HOFSTEDE'S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS FOR PREDICTING CROSS-CULTURAL MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES THROUGH ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY METHOD

2025-12-04T20:31:27+01:00

Cultural differences have significantly influenced business management during the past twenty years. Internationally, cross-cultural management is currently a prominent topic in modern business. Hofstede's model consists of six variables that are utilised to evaluate cross-cultural implications and cultural aspects: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individuality versus collectivism, masculinity against femininity, long-term orientation, and indulgence versus restraint. The main goal was to study the influence of Hofstede's six-dimensional model on predicting cross-cultural management outcomes. An ANFIS (adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system) was utilised on the data to determine the most crucial factors for predicting case fatality. The ANFIS method was used for variable selection to determine the key factors affecting the prediction of cross-cultural management.

ANALYSE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT COMPONENTS FOR FORECASTING THE HERFINDAHL-HIRSCHMAN INDEX USING AN ADAPTIVE NEURO-FUZZY TECHNIQUE

2025-12-04T20:36:00+01:00

There is a complex relationship between competition in the product market and investment in business. On one hand, the relationship may be positive, while on the other hand, it might be negative. Various methodologies have been proposed to assess market power for the purpose of developing steps to mitigate or eliminate it. Commonly utilised methods rely on indices such as the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI). The main goal of this article was to assess how different economic and business variables affect forecasts of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), a very sensitive measure. An ANFIS (adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system) was employed to analyse the data and determine the most crucial factors for predicting HHI. The research indicates that the number of employees has the most significant influence on HHI predictions.

BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY & SUSTAINABLE GROWTH - CASE STUDY HOW TO PLAY TO WIN

2025-12-05T09:02:44+01:00

In today’s volatile business environment, the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) is a prominent framework for creating an uncontested market space for sustainable growth. Applying this strategy also creates a new way of adding value for consumers, clients, stakeholders, and the local community. This paper examines how contemporary issues and trends affect the implementation and effectiveness of the Blue Ocean Strategy. The research will focus on examples of companies that have successfully used the principles of BOS to face the challenges of the new age, such as rapid technological progress, the rise of the sharing economy, and competition. The examples show the implementation of the Blue Ocean Strategy both in large companies and in SMEs, whether the BOS is applied in B2B, B2C, or B2B2C business models, both on a global scale and in the region. We aim to illustrate effective strategies and highlight the importance of creative thinking needed to design sustainable business approaches in today’s permacrisis. As a part of the research, the BOS case study would be described on the local enterprise with regional activities.

UTJECAJ PANDEMIJE UZROKOVANE KORONAVIRUSOM (COVID-19) NA MEĐUNARODNI MARKETING I PONAŠANJE POTROŠAČA U INTERNET TRGOVINI

2025-12-05T09:06:16+01:00

Pandemija uzrokovana koronavirusom (COVID-19) u znatnoj je mjeri utjecala na globalnu ekonomiju i u vrlo je kratkom razdoblju promjenila društvo u cjelosti, svakodnevne socijalne aktivnosti ljudi, kao i poslovne aktivnosti gospodarskih subjekata. Samim tim “Nova stvarnost” se odrazila i na međunarodni marketing te shodno tome i na internet trgovinu, kao sastavni dio sistema međunarodnog marketinga. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da nam da uvid u stvarne promjene koje su nastale tijekom i nakon pandemije uzrokovane koronavirusom (COVID-19) na međunarodni marketing, kao i na ponašanje i navike kupaca odnosno potrošača koji su korisnici internet trgovine. Rad je zasnovan prije svega na istraživanju koje je provedeno na području Hrvatske, kao i djelomično na području Bosne i Hercegovine, Srbije i Slovenije. Cilj primarnog istraživanja bio je da se dobiju rezultati u kojoj mjeri su potrošači ove regije bili spremni prihvatiti internet trgovinu kao jedini način kupovine koji je moguć kod djelomičnog, pa i potpunog ograničavanja kretanja, kao i u kojoj su mjeri spremni mijenjati svoje ponašanje i navike vezano uz internet trgovinu. Pored realizovanog primarnog istraživanja, ovaj rad zasnovan je na teorijskoj analizi, kao i na uporednoj analizi iskustava razvijenih zemalja. Krajnji rezulat ima za cilj da se dođe do zaključaka koji bi dali korisne pokazatelje vezane za stvarne promjene nastale kod ponašanja i navika potrošača, kao i o prilagođavanju marketing strategija i koncepata gospodarskih subjekata u okviru novonastalih okolnosti.

INSTAGRAM I TRIPADVISOR.COM: KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA SADRŽAJA I ONLINE RECENZIJA

2025-12-05T09:12:55+01:00

Društvene mreže imaju važnu ulogu u poslovanju preduzeća iz različitih oblasti. Brojne studije bave se analizom sadržaja koji se putem ovih savremenih komunikacionih kanala deli sa pratiocima. Ono što se prikazuje putem društvenih mreža zapravo su obećanja koja se kreiraju i prezentuju pratiocima kako bi se ostvarila prodaja i izgradila emocionalna povezanost sa njima. Sa druge strane, pratioci (kupci, potrošači, gosti, posetioci) tokom i nakon kupovine proizvoda ili korišćenja usluge porede ono što im je obećano sa onim što su dobili. Često svoja iskustva dele sa drugima kroz usmenu propagandu a poslednjih godina i putem elektronskih komunikacionih medija. Predmet ovog istraživanja je komparativna analiza sadržaja koji se objavljuje na Instagram profilima četiri hotela iz Republike Srbije sa recenzijama dostupnim na sajtu tripadvisor.com. Odnosno, cilj je doći do saznanja da li i u kojoj meri posetioci prilikom recenziranja komentarišu elemente koji se promovišu putem Instagram profila. Analizirane su 452 objave i 27 recenzija koje su, primenom medode analize sadržaja, identifikovane tokom vremenskog perioda od godinu dana. Poređenjem raspoloživih sekundarnih podataka identifikovani su elementi ponude koji su u potpunosti zadovoljili i premašili očekivanja posetilaca. Takođe, identifikovani su elementi ponude koje su posetioci ocenili najnižim ocenama i koji su izazvali njihovo razočaranje. Upravo su ovi pokazatelji praktični doprinos rada i mogu pomoći menadžerima prilikom kreiranja marketing strategija kako bi se na najmanju moguću meru sveli problemi u funkcionisanju hotela. Naučni doprinos rada ogleda se u proširivanju teorijskih saznanja o značaju društvenih mreža i praćenja recenzija korisnika usluga u savremenim uslovima poslovanja.

ISPITIVANJE STAROSNIH RAZLIKA U STAVOVIMA POTROŠAČA PREMA INFLUENSERIMA NA DRUŠTVENIM MREŽAMA

2025-12-05T09:18:09+01:00

U savremenom poslovnom okruženju tradicionalni mediji gube na atraktivnosti, posebno među mlađom populacijom. Istovremeno, sve više ljudi se okreće društvenim medijima i preporukama influensera. U ovim okolnostima, postaje očigledno da je uključivanje influensera u marketing strategije preduzeća neophodno. Ovim radom nastojale su se identifikovati statistički značajne razlike između potrošača koji pripadaju različitim starosnim segmentima, u pogledu stavova prema influenserima na društvenim mrežama. S tim u vezi, analizirane su varijable vezane za karakteristike uticajne osobe (sličnost, atraktivnost, stručnost i pouzdanost) kao i sadržaj koji kreira influenser (informativna i zabavna vrednost). U tu svrhu sprovedena je jednofaktorska analiza varijanse različitih grupa. Analizom primarnih podataka prikupljenih od 340 ispitanika utvrđeno je da su se statistički značajne razlike između potrošača različitih starosnih segmenata, pojavile samo kod varijable atraktivnost. Naime, mlađi potrošači (koji imaju manje od 20 godina) pozitivnije su ocenili varijablu atraktivnost omiljenog influensera u odnosu na starije (koji imaju između 30 i 39 godina). Kod preostalih varijabli nisu identifikovane statistički značajne razlike, između potrošača različitih starosnih segmenata. Teorijske implikacije rada odnose se na unapređenje saznanja o aktuelnim stavovima potrošača prema influenserima. Dobijeni naučni rezultati istovremeno su i značajna smernica menadžmentu u definisanju strategije marketinga na društvenim mrežama, u pogledu izbora adekvatnog influensera.

METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF SUCCESS OF PRODUCT MARKETING

2025-12-05T09:25:10+01:00

Calculation and measurement of the impact of achieved business results with the contribution of marketing and product branding is a continuous process in every business environment. This type of evaluation is necessary so that management can determine the validity of various marketing concepts focusing on planning adequate marketing strategy in the future. Techniques of fuzzy natural logic and approximate reasoning are used to show methodology for evaluation of product marketing success. Evaluation is based on the analysis of relationship between several business parameters and performance indicators, including product quality, marketing attractiveness, overall sales, etc., by applying a special reasoning method (called perception-based logical deduction), which effectively utilize expert knowledge to evaluate relation between product and marketing and make a decision.

INTERNET MARKETING I PONAŠANJE POTROŠAČA

2025-12-05T18:07:41+01:00

Internet marketing predstavlja veoma važan alat u rukama menadžmenta koji u poslednje vrijeme sve više koriste kako bi kompanijom kojom rukovode na lakši i kvaliteniji način upravljali, a za rezultat ostvarili što bolje rezultate poslovanja. Tako ostvareni dobri rezultati ne-minovno će kompaniju pozicionirati na poželjno mjesto na tržištu i time joj dati određenu važnost i prednost u odnosu na konkurenciju.
Menadžment kompanije primjenom internet marketinga u poslovnim procesima uspješno gradi odnose između kompanije sa jedne i potrošača sa druge strane, na efikasan, ekonomičan i efekti-van način za sve. Za veoma kratko vrijeme u Republici Srpskoj i BiH, kao i širom svijeta, internet marketing je postao uspješan i nezamjenljiv poslovni model koji menadžmenti kompanija u velikoj mjeri primjenjuju u svakodnevnom poslovanju. Menadžmenti kompanija koji su na vrijeme shvatili ulogu i značaj internet marketinga u njenom pozicioniranju na tržitu i uticaju na ponašanje potro-šača iz godine u godinu ostvaruju sve zapaženije rezultate poslovanja i borbi sa konkurencijom, a što je jasno vidljivo iz pozitivnih trendova kretanja ključnih pokazatelja.

SOLUTION TO CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRACTICES’ ADOPTION CHALLENGES IN THE NIGERIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR: A FOCUS ON OTA REGION

2025-12-05T18:13:22+01:00

Our economic activities thrive on resource exploitation, material processing, manufacturing, utilization and disposal. The linearity of our economic activities has caused enormous environmental problems such as resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, soil contamination, air and water pollution, and climate change. However, circular economy has been found to be a pragmatic approach to addressing these problems and to incorporating sustainability into our economic activities. Scholars, professionals and policy makers in many countries and corporate organizations, especially in developed countries, have been taking steps to introduce circularity into various sectors of our economy. Unfortunately, many developing countries are yet to buy into it. Using a survey approach, this study attempted to identify challenges to circular economy practices’ adoption in Nigeria and tried to proffer solutions to the challenges. Results of the study showed non-awareness of circular economy practices, unsupportive government policy, institutional issues, and infrastructure deficit as the main challenges. Public awareness education, circularity education incorporation into schools/college curricula, circular economy research funding, circular infrastructure/market structure development, and government support are the proposed solutions to the aforementioned challenges. The government support could be in the form of tax rebates, subsidies, supportive policies as well as circularity innovation demonstration centers’ establishment. Taking those steps would foster public awareness and widespread adoption of circular economy practices. Consequently, this would eliminate the aforementioned environmental problems and enhance our progression towards achieving sustainable development goals.

STEPEN ZNAČAJA PROGRAMA PODRŠKE SEKTORU MALIH I SREDNJIH PREDUZEĆA U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ

2025-12-05T18:21:58+01:00

Mala i srednja preduzeća u svim tranzicionim zemljama predstavljaju značajan faktor razvoja. Moglo bi se reći da razvoj MSP predstavlja jednu od najvećih razvojnih šansi BiH, pa tako i Republike Srpske. Zato je važno da se ukaže na njihov položaj.
Zašto baš sektor MSP? Najprije zato što su ova preduzeća motor ekonomskog razvoja, tj. pokretačka snaga privrede. U tom smislu, njihova uloga je posebno značajna u zemljama u tranziciji, u koje spada i BiH sa Republikom Srpskom.
U radu su analizirani stavovi različitih nivoa menadžmenta koji su nosioci poslovanja MSP. Cilj istraživanja je usmjeren na utvđivanje percepcije ispitanika o ključnim faktorima uspješnosti MSP u Republici Srpskoj, kada su u pitanju programi podrške ovom sektoru.
Kao glavni metod prikupljanja podataka u ovom radu korišćena je metoda ispitivanja, sprovedena popunjavanjem anketnog upitnika tokom maja 2022. godine. Anketa je bila anonimna i sprovedena je na 100 ispitanika (100 MSP) iz Republike Srpske putem imejla.
Potom se korelacionom analizom došlo do konretknijih rezultata, koji su ukazali na najveći značaj programa podrške Agencije za razvoj Republike Srpske i povoljnih kredita za razvoj i inovacionu djelatnost, što govori u kom pravcu institucije Republike Srpske treba da intenziviraju napore kako bi poboljšali poziciju MSP.
Takođe, najveći procenat ispitanika je kao najmanje značajne istakao stručnu i konsultantsku podršku i podršku Savjeta za razvoj malih i srednjih preduzeća i preduzetništva. Ovi podaci naglašavaju značaj rigoroznije provjere kompetencija i adekvatnije selekcije kadrova u institucijama koje se bave problemima MSP-a, kako bi stručno usavršavanje i savjetovanje dobilo na značaju i učinkovitosti.

ZNAČAJ ANALIZE FINANSIJSKIH IZVJEŠTAJA NA PRIMJERU KOMPANIJE PODRAVKA

2025-12-05T18:26:10+01:00

Finansijski izvještaji objavljuju se na zvaničnim sajtovima poslovnih subjekata, na berzama (ukoliko kompanija nastupa na berzi) kao i na druge načine kako bi bili u potpunosti dostupni javnosti. Dakle, po pravilu radi se o dokumentima koji ne predstavljaju poslovnu tajnu već je cilj da se svi zainteresovani stejkholderi upoznaju sa finansijskim perfomansama kompanije a sve u funkciji uspješnijeg i dugoročnijeg poslovanja.
Veoma je bitno adekvatno i suštinski analizirati finansijske izvještaje koje kompanija objavljuje za polugodišnji period kao i za cijelu godinu te na taj način utvrditi uspješnost poslovanja i finansijski položaj kompanije.
Metode rada koje će se koristiti u ovom radu su: metod analize, metod dedukcije, metod deskripcije i metod komparacije
Cilj ovog rada je da se pokaže kako se na primjeru kompanije Podravka može izvršiti efikasna analiza finansijskih izvještaja i sagledati finansijska stabilnost. Poseban akcenat je na tome da se pokaže kako i dividendna politika kompanije može uticati na razvoj kompanije. Adekvatna analiza finansijskih perfomansi omogućava menadžmentu Podravke uočavanje odstupanja od očekivanih vrijednosti te preduzimanje korektivnih aktivnosti.

ZNAČAJ FINANSIJSKE ANALIZE U SAVREMENIM USLOVIMA POSLOVANJA

2025-12-05T18:30:01+01:00

Finansijska analiza predstavlja proces procene finansijskog učinka, zdravlja i održivosti preduzeća ispitivanjem njenih finansijskih izveštaja, pokazatelja, trendova i drugih relevantnih finansijskih podataka. Uključuje tumačenje brojeva za procenu različitih aspekata finansijske pozicije i učinka preduzeća. Finansijska analiza je ključna za donošenje odluka od strane investitora, kreditora, menadžera i drugih zainteresovanih strana. Savremeni uslovi poslovanja su oblikovani digitalnom transformacijom, globalizacijom, tehnološkim inovacijama, donošenjem odluka zasnovanim na podacima, agilnošću, razvojnom dinamikom radne snage, imperativima održivosti, usredsređenošću na kupca, regulatornom složenošću i izazovima sajber bezbednosti. Takvi uslovi definišu način na koji preduzeća funkcionišu, konkurišu i prilagođavaju se promenama u globalnoj ekonomiji, dok se istovremeno bave regulatornim zahtevima i efikasno ublažavaju rizike. Upravo u tome se ogleda značaj finansijske analize koja je neophodna u savremenim uslovima poslovanja jer pruža vredne kritičke uvide, olakšava i usmerava donošenje odluka na osnovu informacija, ublažava i upravlja rizicma, poboljšava učinak i otpornost i podstiče održivi rast i uspeh preduzeće.

СПЕЦИФИЧНОСТИ БУЏЕТИРАЊА СКИ КЛУБА „СТАРЧЕВИЦА”

2025-12-05T18:56:58+01:00

У овом раду се истражује процес буџетирања у спортским организацијама, са посебним акцентом на примјеру организације ски кампа. Циљ истраживања је да се анализира овај процес користећи организацију ски кампа као конкретан примјер, идентификујући кључне елементе буџета и истражујући утицај финансијског управљања на успјех и одрживост кампа. Методологија обухвата детаљну анализу финансијских података, прихода и расхода у вези са организацијом ски кампова, како би се стекао увид у процес доношења финансијских одлука. Резултати истраживања указују на значај ефикасног управљања финансијама за успјех спортских организација, посебно у контексту специфичних спортских активности као што је скијање. Овај рад даје корисне смјернице за унапређење финансијског управљања у спортским организацијама у будућности.

THE APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) METHOD USING EXPERT CHOICE SOFTWARE

2025-12-05T19:13:38+01:00

This research will address the "selection of the optimal computer from the set of offers received by the company JUGOPLAST from Guča". The procedure for applying the PROMETHEE method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method will be presented. The practical application of the AHP method will be demonstrated using Expert Choice 2000 software. It is essential to specify the criteria and alternatives for procuring laptop computers in the observed company. This paper will demonstrate the application of the AHP method in a specific decision-making example. A decision needs to be made when selecting the optimal computer or laptop from the set of offers for the company JUGOPLAST from Guča.
JUGOPLAST finds itself in a situation where it needs to replace outdated computers used by its employees or engineers to somewhat facilitate their existing work. The advantages of using software are numerous, primarily allowing for automation of calculations, which somewhat eases the manager's job, but it cannot entirely solve it because the manager makes the final decision.

ULOGA GENERACIJE Z U KREIRANJU NOVIH POSLOVNIH MODELA

2025-12-06T19:17:00+01:00

Generacija Z (poznatija kao „zumeri“) utiče na promjene tradicionalnih modela poslovanja kroz kreiranje inovacija podstaknutih digitalizacijom i vještačkom inteligencijom. Zahvaljujući boljem razumjevanju digitalizacije ova generacija u poslovnom smislu je korak ispred ostalih generacija u svijetu promjena. Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu predstavlja je uloga generacije Z u kreiranju novih modela poslovanja, kao i oblikovanju postojećih. Cilj istraživanja je dokazati kako generacija Z utiče na stvaranje inovativnog poslovnog okruženja u poređenju sa baby boomerima, generacijom X i milenijalcima. Bitno je shvatiti poslovne strategije koje zumerska generacija koristi, posebno u svjetlu njihovog rastućeg uticaja u odnosu na prethodne generacije.

OIL PRICES AND HEADLINE AND CORE INFLATION DYNAMICS IN SAUDI ARABIA

2025-12-06T19:20:15+01:00

This study analyzes the relationship between oil prices and inflation in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2022 using Johansen cointegration and VECM methods. Results show a long-term equilibrium for both headline and core inflation, with significant negative error correction vectors. Short-term effects of oil prices are insignificant but imports positively impact headline inflation. Long-term, oil prices and GDP significantly affect headline inflation, while their impact on core inflation is transitory. Causality tests indicate imports and oil prices influence both inflation indices. The study recommends diversifying from fossil fuels to enhance export-led growth and manage core inflation.

SIMILARITY OF BI-VARIANT TIME SERIES

2025-12-06T19:29:51+01:00

This paper presents one algorithm for choosing optimal solution from a bi-variant time series database. The presented algorithm uses a similarity measure to compare each object in the database to a specific suitable object. The proposed method is useful when dealing with multidimensional time series data, e.g., bi-variant time series, where calculation of distances between all elements can be time-consuming for certain applications, e.g., in situations where real-time analysis of data is of critical importance.

POBOLJŠANJE UPRAVLJAČKE KONTROLE I STILOVA LIDERSTVA U PORODIČNIM PREDUZEĆIMA ZA ODRŽIVI RAST

2025-12-06T19:33:23+01:00

Porodična preduzeća su svepristuna. Ona čine većinu kompanija i predstavljaju značajan izvor radnih mesta u većini zemalja. Porodična preduzeća se često suočavaju s izazovima koji proizlaze iz tradicionalnih pristupa upravljanja, što može ograničiti njihov dugoročni uspeh. Ovaj rad istražuje ključne aspekte poboljšanja upravljačke kontrole i stilova liderstva u porodičnim preduzećima s ciljem postizanja održivog rasta. Porodična preduzeća suočavaju se sa specifičnim izazovima koji proizlaze iz jedinstvene dinamike porodičnih odnosa i poslovnih aktivnosti. Rad ima za cilj da pruži uvid u značenje i percepciju liderstva i sistema kontrole upravljačke kontrole u porodičnim preduzećima. Tačnije, rad pokušava da sagleda kontekst porodičnog biznisa i njegovog značaja u razvoju svog liderstva i sistema upravljačke kontrole.

СТУДИЈА СЛУЧАЈА: TУМАЧЕЊЕ ИНФОРМАЦИЈА ИЗ ФИНАНСИЈСКИХ ИЗВЕШТАЈА У СКЛАДУ СА ЗАХТЕВИМА ЕВРОПСКЕ КОМИСИЈЕ КАО ДЕО АПЛИКАЦИЈЕ ЗА УЧЕСТВОВАЊЕ НА ТЕНДЕРИМА

2025-12-06T19:39:13+01:00

Предмет овог рада јесте указивање на рачуноводствене информације неопходне за учествовање у тендерским прцедурама финансираним од стране Европске уније. На конкретном примеру ће бити показано на који начин компанија „А“ доставља тражене информације и које тo информације доставља, како би учествовала у тендерским процедурама финансираним од стране Европске уније. Акценат је, поред осталог и на економским и финансијским критеријумима.

CONTRACT KILLERS PROFILING - CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND CRIMINOLOGY ASPECT

2025-12-06T19:52:42+01:00

Contract murder is set in within the segment of qualified types of murder where one subject hires another subject to kill a targeted person or a group of people. In that process, the employer or instigator hires a person who charges the services with money or with other value. The phenomenology of contract murder in a civilised society arouses a great public interest and a significant degree of concern in the context of general security, while the courts put the contract murder into the category of most severe cases. This paper deals with and analyses the typology of contract murders based on motivational samples, the types of hitmen with the reference to their characteristics and the segments of special investigations when contract murder is concerned. With such approach, the aim is to give a scientific and expert contribution to a complex investigation on contract murder, which will help in future research about this issue.

PRIVREDNI KRIMINALITET

2025-12-06T20:04:47+01:00

Autor rada na početku daje određenje privrednog kriminaliteta, pri čemu ističe postojanje nedoumica oko njegove definicije. U sledećem delu rada ističe određene karakteristike privrednog kriminaliteta, jasno razdvajajući poseban modalitet izvršenja krivičnih dela, poseban status učinioca i nastanak štete velikih razmera kao njegove odlike. Tipologija privrednog kriminaliteta izrađena od strane Muamera Nicevića i Aleksandra Ivanovića su predmet interesovanja autora, uz navođenje adekvatnih primera iz prakse. Poslednji deo posvećen je analizi povezanosti privrednog kriminaliteta sa organizovanim kriminalitetom.

SAJBER KRIMINAL

2025-12-06T20:12:47+01:00

Sajber kriminal kao specifična vrsta kriminala u posljednje vrijeme doživljava ekspanziju te su sve učestaliji napadi na države, institucije kao i pojedince, te nije izostavljena ni Republika Srpska, imajući u vidu najnovije napade na Integrisani zdravstveni sistem Republike Srpske. Razvojem informacionih tehnologija i težnjom ka što većoj digitalizaciji, dovelo se do novih načina izvršenja krivičnih djela sajber kriminala.
Autori u radu analiziraju načine izvršenja, fenomenologiju i tipologiju izvršilaca krivičnih djela kompjuterskog kriminaliteta/ sajber kriminala s posebnim osvrtom na mjere zaštite odnosno prevenciju kako fizičkih tako i pravnih lica. U radu se poseban aspekt daje i na potrebu edukacije privrednih subjekata o vrstama i načinima prepoznavanja te posljedicama sajber napada.

ZLOUPOTREBA SLUŽBENOG POLOŽAJA ILI OVLAŠTENJA KAO VID KORUPCIJE

2025-12-06T20:16:25+01:00

Zloupotreba službenog položaja ili ovlaštenja kao osnovno krivično djelo protiv službene dužnosti izaziva različite nedoumice i probleme u praksi u pogledu svojstva izvršioca te same radnje izvršenja iskorištavanje službenog položaja koje nije jasno i koncizno definisano što je u suprotnosti sa načelom zakonitosti kao osnovnim postulatom krivičnog prava. Autori u radu analiziraju elemente krivičnog djela, radnju izvršenja, izvršioca, te oblik krivice dajući primjere iz sudske prakse uz kritički osvrt na mali broj osuđenih lica za ovo korupcijsko krivično djelo. U drugom dijelu rada posebna pažnja se posvećuje poređenju zakonskih rješenja ovog krivičnog djela u zemljama regiona.

LEARNING WITH DIGITIZED CULTURAL HERITAGE- A VIRTUAL JOURNEY THROUGH NOVI SAD

2025-12-06T20:19:44+01:00

Research into applying digital technology for educational purposes supports raising interest in cultural heritage. That approach, which involves user interaction with content through modern technology, is an engaged learning experience. Digitized cultural heritage attracts new audiences and motivates different social groups, especially young people familiar with digital technologies, to find greater interest in heritage, create new educational opportunities, and raise awareness of the values of cultural heritage. The paper presents the results of the project “A virtual journey through Novi Sad” implemented by the research team of the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad. Digitization is recognized as an opportunity to improve accessibility and the more active use of knowledge about cultural heritage. The project is focused on developing an innovative technological and methodological approach to digitizing cultural heritage, through multidisciplinary cooperation between scientific research institutions, cultural institutions, city administration, and civil society. The importance of the project is reflected in its scientific contribution to the field of heritage studies, with an emphasis on the application of digital technologies in the presentation and preservation of cultural heritage. In addition, the project output had a concrete application within the Novi Sad European Capital of Culture 2022 program.

INNOVATIVE USE OF 3D ANIMATION IN PATIENT EDUCATION ON MINIMAL INVASIVE CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY

2025-12-06T20:22:16+01:00

Visualization in medicine represents one of the innovative ways of patient education where, through the use of 3D animations, surgical procedures are visually represented based on detailed data about anatomy, surgical protocols, and expert opinions in the field. In this study, the process of creating and implementing 3D animation in patient education on minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery is analyzed. Through this research, it was explored how animation can effectively empower patients to better understand the complexity and benefits of this medical procedure. The goal was to create an educative 3D animation that intricately illustrates each stage of the operation, including preparation, the procedure itself, and the advantages associated with this type of intervention. Through this approach, patients will have the opportunity to visualize their future experiences and better prepare themselves emotionally and mentally. Particularly, ways in which animation can demonstrate the advantages of the minimally invasive method compared to traditional approaches were investigated, which can contribute to increased acceptance of the procedure among patients. Additionally, it was considered how this technology can assist medical staff in effectively communicating with patients and enhancing their experience throughout the entire treatment process.

DISPLAY OF SPINAL DEFORMITIES IN AN AR ENVIRONMENT

2025-12-06T20:25:50+01:00

In this paper, it is shown how a 3D model of the spinal column in patients with adolescent scoliosis can be visualized in augmented reality, through the use of various software tools. This process is based on analysing the surface of the back and identifying key anatomical markers. The application of developed 3D models can have a significant impact on improving the process of non-invasive diagnostics and monitoring of scoliosis. These advanced models enable more precise visualization and analysis of spinal deformities, providing detailed insight into anatomical structure and changes over time.

LEARN MORE ABOUT PARALLEL PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES BY IMPLEMENTING A HISTOGRAM ON GPU

2025-12-08T11:25:13+01:00

A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of data, commonly used as an analysis tool in statistics to visualize the frequency distribution of a dataset. Our focus of interest lies in the Frequency Histogram, a special graph that employs vertical columns to illustrate the frequency of occurrence of each data element.
Here, we will present a parallel SIMT (Single Instruction Multiple Threads) Histogram algorithm. This algorithm is composed of basic parallel primitives like sorting and parallel compact. Implementing in this manner for educational endeavors allows students to delve into the details, learn, and enhance their understanding of the CUDA parallel programming model. The presented algorithm utilizes a sparse representation of the vector to store results, distinguishing it from well-known standard parallel Histogram algorithms. Besides delving into the details of implementing parallel primitives, we will also discuss how to perform an efficiency evaluation of the parallel program.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION PROTOTYPE SYSTEM INTENDED FOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS

2025-12-08T11:28:46+01:00

In this work, we present a prototype of a high-precision and high-resolution seismic data acquisition system (DAQ). This system is designed for real-time monitoring, data acquisition, and visualization of seismic activity, tailored specifically for local and micro-location applications, but not limited to them. The system has various applications, including mathematical modelling of different scenarios based on collected data. These applications are relevant to geophysical research, structural health monitoring, traffic monitoring, industrial safety, household safety, and more. This prototype system acquires seismic data from the geophone or ranger seismometer connected to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which then transfers the data to single-board computers (SBCs). Because these SBCs possess all the capabilities of a standard PC, they ensure remote access, real-time monitoring, data acquisition, preprocessing of seismic data, and transfer of data from remote stations to the base station or server for future processing, among other functionalities. In practice, these data acquisition systems can function as standalone systems. Here, the structural components, functionality, and characteristics of this prototype system will be presented.

WORDPRESS – AN ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR DIGITAL MARKETING

2025-12-08T11:35:19+01:00

Digital marketing, driven by the increasing use of the internet and digital technologies, has transformed the way businesses promote their products and services. With the growing importance of online presence in the modern marketplace, digital marketing strategies have become crucial for businesses of all sizes. This paper explores the role of WordPress, one of the most widely used content management systems (CMS), in supporting digital marketing strategies. With its user-friendly interface and powerful tools like SEO plugins, customizable themes, and e-commerce capabilities, WordPress enables businesses to optimize their online presence for increased visibility, user engagement, and conversion rates. Case studies from Macedonian businesses illustrate the platform's effectiveness in driving website traffic and improving SEO rankings. The paper concludes that integrating WordPress into digital marketing is crucial for businesses to stay competitive and adapt to the digital age.

USING CHATGPT IN SOLVING DEFINITE INTEGRALS

2025-12-08T11:38:40+01:00

Definite integrals have large application in mathematics, physics, engineering, etc., but it is needed deep knowledge, the appropriate techniques and skills, as well as big attention for their solving. There are also integrals which is difficult to be solved analytically and have to be solved numerically. On the other side, the artificial intelligence is rapidly developing nowadays intending to behave like a human. Tools like ChatGPT are easily available with their free version. We have used the free version of ChatGPT and tested its capabilities for solving definite integrals and ability for their application in geometry, in order to explore how well it is trained for such problems, or it has to be trained furthermore to become able for more accurate answers and solutions. The problems which we have set to ChatHPT and the solutions which we have obtained are given in this paper.

APPLICATION OF AUDIO RECORDERS FOR REGISTERING SEISMIC SIGNALS FROM INDUCED SEISMICITY PRODUCED BY BLASTING IN OPEN PIT MINES

2025-12-08T12:04:47+01:00

Seismic events induced by blasting operations in open pit mines pose significant challenges for monitoring and mitigation. This paper presents an innovative approach utilizing audio field recorders to capture seismic signals from both vertical and horizontal geophones deployed in mining environments. Field experiments were conducted at a mining site, where a network of geophones coupled with audio recorders was strategically deployed to comprehensively monitor induced seismicity. The integration of audio field recorders with geophone arrays enabled the accurate detection and analysis of seismic activity, providing valuable insights into the spatial distribution and characteristics of induced seismic events. Our findings underscore the efficacy of audio field recorders in recording high-fidelity seismic data, showcasing their versatility as essential tools for seismic monitoring in challenging mining environments. Furthermore, this research contributes to enhancing safety protocols and risk management strategies in the mining industry by leveraging innovative technologies for improved seismic monitoring and mitigation efforts.

SIMULATION AND MODELING OF MEDICAL SCENARIOS WITH THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2025-12-08T12:09:16+01:00

The processes of simulation and modeling in medicine are not new; they have been in use for a long time. The popularization of modern technologies, primarily Artificial Intelligence (AI), has significantly influenced this segment of medical practice. This particularly refers to the development of predictive models and the creation of intelligent simulators based on these technologies. These systems are built on AI concepts such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL). They enable diagnosis, outcome prediction, data analysis, and patient privacy protection. Simulations and models based on AI have significant applications in medical education for both current and future medical professionals. The importance and utility of these systems have particularly come to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, facilitating skill development in a controlled environment. However, the application of AI in medical simulation and modeling presents challenges and limitations, including technical, ethical, and legal aspects. Technical issues involve selecting appropriate neural network topologies and the lack of data for system training, while ethical and legal concerns include the lack of regulation and accountability in case of errors. The future development of these technologies in this field involves integrating human and artificial capabilities to achieve better outcomes for patients. A multimodal approach to AI and the development of large-scale language models promise to enhance the performance of AI systems, which will positively impact the segments of medical practice where they are applied. The aim of this paper is to explore the current capabilities, challenges, and future directions of these technologies in medicine.

PRIMJENA PRAVILA GDPR U MEDICINSKIM INFORMACIONIM SISTEMIMA

2025-12-08T12:12:21+01:00

Podaci predstavljaju činjenice koje obrađivanjem dobijaju na začaju. Procesuirani prodaci nazivaju se informacijama i kao takvi predstavljaju veoma značajne resurse današnjice. Posebnu kategoriju predstavljaju osjetljivi, odnosno privatni podaci. Potreba za zaštitom ovih podataka inicirala je izradu zakonskih regulativa i smjernica kojima se definišu pravila zaštite ličnih podataka. Usvajanje Opšte uredbe Evropske unije o zaštiti ličnih podataka (GDPR) uvelo je značajne promjene u radu sa privatnim podacima i podstaklo izmjene i u zakonskoj regulativi na lokalnom nivou. Medicinski podaci pripadaju povjerljivoj kategoriji podataka. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da se njihovo prikupljanje i obrada obavljaju putem medicinskih informacionih sistema, neophodno je istaći značaj njihove zaštite na polju primjene informacionih tehnologija. Rasprostranjenost upotrebe savremenih informaciono-komunikacionih dostignuća u poslovanju uvodi veliki broj rizika u proces obrade medicinskih podataka.
Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na značaj zaštite privatnih podataka u medicinskim informacionim sistemima, sa akcentom na potrebu savjesnog učešća svih korisnika sistema i poštovanja pravila koje definišu smjernice i zakonska regulativa za zaštitu privatnih podataka kako na globalnom, tako i na lokalnom nivou.

REMOVAL OF ACRIDINE RED DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING PHYSICOCHEMICALLY ACTIVATED HYDROCHAR OF SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE

2025-12-08T15:07:04+01:00

Sustainable solutions for environmental restoration are crucial due to the increasing release of toxic substances in the ecosystem. The adsorption capacity to remove acridine red from an aqueous solution was investigated using the hydrochar of the spent mushroom substrate, which was obtained by the process of hydrothermal carbonization at a moderate temperature. To improve the adsorption capacity, hydrochar was subjected to chemical activation with 20% CaCl2·5H20, and then physical activation of the pyrolysis was performed at 500 °C, whereby Ca-pyro-hydrochar (Ca-PHC) was synthesized. The adsorption performance of Ca-PHC was analyzed at 22 °C and the obtained results were applied to four different isotherm models: Langmuire, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich. The calculated data suggest that the Langmire and Freundlich model best describes the investigated removal process and that the maximum sorption capacity of acridine red was 31.8 mg g−1. Based on the SEM analysis, the appearance of microspheres was observed, which was caused by the degradation of cellulose during the pyrolysis of the spent mushroom substrate. The number of pores of the examined material increased, which contributed to its increase in adsorption capacity. These findings indicate that the used biosorbent is effective for the remediation of textile wastewater.

APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR METHODS TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF CONTAMINATION OF THE ŠAR MOUNTAINS AQUATORIUM DOE TO THE USE OF DEPLETED URANIUM AMMUNITION

2025-12-08T15:15:44+01:00

The study represents the research of the origin and connection of waters of the Šar Mountains aquatorium using natural isotopes of water, tritium and oxygen 18O. The waters of two lakes and two creeks that dominate this aquatorium have been analyzed.
Monitoring of the seasonal maximum, taking into account the obtained tritium profile of the soil and the temperature on the day of collection (and around it), unequivocally showed that all the water in the Šar Mountains aquatorium is of atmospheric origin and, as such, unsuitable for any major transformation for commercial purposes. In addition, the study presents the results of the examination of the Šar Mountains aquatorium for contamination with depleted uranium. Doubts about the possibility of such contamination are justified because during the spring of 1999, a conflict took place on the territory of the Western Balkans in which ammunition with depleted uranium was used.
Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that there was no contamination of the Šar Mountains aquatorium with depleted uranium. The expanded measurement uncertainty was less than 5%.

USING BIOMASS AS A BUILDING MATERIAL TO SHAPE A SUSTAINABLE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY FUTURE

2025-12-08T15:26:23+01:00

Green building, or the sustainable use of biomass in construction, is a concept for the design and construction of buildings with a lower environmental impact and higher resource efficiency. In recent years, the construction sector has recognized that the introduction of more environmentally friendly methods is crucial to halting global warming and protecting natural resources. The use of biomass as a bio-based material from naturally occurring, renewable resources is a key component of green building. These materials have the potential to completely change the way buildings are designed and constructed, while offering a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional building materials.
The paper gives a brief overview of the benefits of using these materials in construction. At the same time, there are challenges and limitations to the application of biomaterials, so the scientific community is continuously investing in research to overcome these obstacles. With this in mind, the paper also gives a brief overview of the literature in this field, focusing on lignocellulosic materials and by-products of agricultural production. The physical-mechanical, economic and ecological properties of concrete produced by incorporating lignocellulosic/agricultural waste into the cement matrix were the subject of these research, which led to some very intriguing results.

SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL PROFILE OF A FLAME IN VIS-NIR WAVELENGTH REGION

2025-12-08T15:33:07+01:00

This study introduces a novel, noncontact optical technique for solving a two-dimensional, ill-posed problem in temperature tomography inside the firebox of a commercial coal power plant. For the determination of the 2D temperature distribution and the coefficients of attenuation, we have taken into account four optical probes positioned at the corners of the combustion chamber. The probes were coupled to four identical spectrometers via optical fiber cables. For the simulation, Aurora 4000 spectrometers were used to measure spectral radiances between 780 nm and 900 nm. The simulated measurement and reconstruction setup are based on a spectroscopy approach with the assumption of gray body radiation from the medium. This method has been confirmed based on experimental data from a 1D case where we had measurements in a commercial coal power plant.
Overall, this new approach demonstrates the possibility of conducting measurements in a simpler manner, where the lower spatial resolution of the measurement system is compensated for by an increased spectral resolution. This novel approach to temperature tomography is simpler compared to similar methods involving laser absorption spectroscopy and expensive multispectral and hyperspectral CCD cameras.

SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM OPTIONS OF A POWER PLANT THROUGH MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS

2025-12-09T21:33:52+01:00

Most of the electricity generated in the Republic of Serbia is produced in thermal power plants that burn lignite. The strategy for the development of the energy system is: construction of new power plants based on lignite and natural gas with higher energy efficiency, rehabilitation and modernization of existing plants and accelerated use of renewable energy sources as part of the green transition. Thermal power plant "Kolubara A" is the subject of analysis in this paper, with five thermal units total installed capacity of 270 MW. This paper analyses potential options for thermal power plant units: existing option with coal (lignite) combustion and options with renewable energy sources, such as waste materials, solar energy, and renewable solid fuels. The paper proposes four energy system options for the thermal unit status, each defined with appropriate sustainability indicators: economical, ecological, social and resource. The Analysis and Synthesis of Parameters under Information Deficiency (ASPID) method of multi-criteria assessment was used to calculate a general index of sustainability and ranking the options. The purpose of this article is to identify viable options for evaluating the sustainability of renewable and non-renewable thermal power plant units.

THE POTENTIAL FOR EMPLOYING SOYBEAN STRAW IN THE CREATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS FROM THE THERMAL POINT OF VIEW

2025-12-09T22:01:58+01:00

Many countries around the world focus on environmental preservation and reducing industry's impact on climate change. Considering that the construction industry accounts for around 40% of global pollution, the majority of which is caused by energy use and more than a quarter by the materials themselves, the building sector offers huge potential for energy saving and greenhouse gas emission reduction.
Agricultural residues, on the other hand, are widely distributed worldwide. The kinds of crops that are accessible differ according to the climate. In Serbia, the production of soybeans is quite common. Very little soybean straw is distributed to animals or used as a source of energy. It is quite bulky and usually removed from the fields by uncontrolled open burning, which releases toxic gasses into the atmosphere.
This research reports on an experimental study of a building material made of concrete and soy straw. Measured density, thermal conductivity, and thermal capacity were used to simulate the thermal behaviour of a chosen object and results of a comparison of a brick building and a building composed of a mixture of soy straw and concrete was done using a mathematical model made in Transient System Simulation Tool.

STRATEGIJE PREVENCIJE KRIMINALITETA KROZ DIZAJN OKRUŽENJA

2025-12-09T22:06:46+01:00

Svjedoci smo brzih promjena i nepredvidivih izazova sa kojima se susreću gradovi i njihovi stanovnici - od ekoloških i prirodnih izazova i katastrofa do bezbjednosnih problema. Zaštita i unapređenje bezbjednosti ljudi i zajednica je jedan od najvećih bezbjednosnih izazova i u fokusu je prevencije kriminaliteta. Mnogobrojni primjeri su pokazali da urbani dizajn može spriječiti kriminalno ponašanje te da fizičko okruženje utiče na ponašanje ljudi koliko i društveno. U svijetu je poznat model prevencije kriminaliteta kroz dizajn okruženja (en. Crime prevention through environmental design – CPTED). Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na značaj CPTED-a za unapređenje urbane bezbjednosti i kvaliteta života u gradu, oblikujući javni urbani prostor primjenom CPTED strategija. Važno je oblikovati bezbijedne javne prostore, kao i postići ravnotežu između unapređenja urbane bezbjednosti i očuvanja otvorenosti javnih prostora (njihove ugodne i slobodne upotrebe).
Doprinos rada je u prikazanim strategijama za pravilnu implementaciju CPTED-a. Tako je pristup analizi urbane bezbjednosti cjelovitiji. Strategije CPTED-a trebale bi biti sastavni dio državnih zakona i strategija, i planskih politika jer će samo tako urbani prostor postići viši nivo pogodnosti za kvalitetan život zajednice. Budući da je na prostoru Republike Srpske ovaj model još uvijek nov i malo istražen, formirana teoretska baza istraživanja značajna je za dalja istraživanja na institutima i fakultetima, kao i za izradu planske i projektne dokumentacije.

PREVENCIJA KRIMINALITETA U DIZAJNU IDEJNOG ARHITEKTONSKO-URBANISTIČKOG RJEŠENJA TRGA PATRIJARHA PAVLA U BRODU

2025-12-09T22:10:02+01:00

Prema raspisu Javnog konkursa za izbor idejnog arhitektonsko-urbanističkog rješenja uređenja Trga Patrijarha Pavla u Brodu iz 2019. godine, osnovni cilj idejnog projekta bio je unapređenje kvaliteta prostornih, funkcionalnih i komunikacionih procesa te stvaranje ugodne i estetski prihvatljive slike grada, koja odgovara zahtjevima građana i posjetilaca. U raspisu konkursa se ne spominje direktno 'urbana bezbjednost', ali da bi javni prostor bio ugodan za svoje korisnike on mora prije svega biti bezbjedan. Bezbjednost ljudi je jedan od najvećih bezbjednosnih izazova i u fokusu je prevencije kriminaliteta. Urbani dizajn može spriječiti kriminalno ponašanje, a to potvrđuje svjetski poznat model prevencije kriminaliteta kroz dizajn okruženja (eng. Crime prevention through environmental design – CPTED). Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na značaj strategija za pravilnu implementaciju CPTED-a, u cilju cjelovitijeg pristupa analizi urbane bezbjednosti. Strategije nisu korišćene pri izradi prvonagrađenog idejnog rješenja, a autorski tim želio je odgovoriti na navedene ciljeve raspisa konkursa. Stoga se sad želi ispitati koliko je oblikovani javni urbani prostor prije svega bezbjedan i privlačan za građane. Budući da je na prostoru Republike Srpske CPTED model nov i uglavnom nepoznat, autorski tim nije bio ni upoznat tada sa njegovim značajem za prevenciju kriminaliteta. Zato je potrebno provjeriti kvalitet idejnog rješenja u bezbjednosnom kontekstu te definisati smjernice za unapređenje urbane bezbjednosti pri implementaciji ovog projekta.

DIJAGNOSTIKA I ISPITIVANJE VAGONSKIH OSOVINA (OSOVINSKIH SKLOPOVA), U CILJU ODREĐIVANJA GRANIČNIH USLOVA ZA RASHODOVANJE

2025-12-09T22:12:58+01:00

Ovim naučnim radom obuhvaćeni su tehnološki postupci i metode kontrole i ispitivanja vagonskih osovina (osovinskih sklopova) koje se mogu primijeniti kod utvrđivanja njihovog stanja i mogućnosti dalje upotrebe u eksploataciji. Tehnološkim postupcima i metodama se omogućuje kontrolorima i operatorima otkrivanje otkaza odnosno nedostataka, oštećenja i nepravilnosti na osovinama (osovinskim sklopovima). Od tehnoloških postupaka i metoda kontrole i ispitivanja osovina (osovinskih sklopova) u značajnoj mjeri ovisi i životni vijek upotrebe osovina ili njihovog eventualnog rashodovanja.

CHROMIUM (VI) REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER BY ELECTROCOAGULATION IN A BATCH AND CONTINUOUS MODE

2025-12-09T22:15:50+01:00

The toxicity of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is well recognized, and its use is highly regulated in EU countries, including restrictions under frameworks like the REACH regulation in the European Union. In Republika Srpska, the use of Cr(VI) is also limited by current legal regulations, ensuring strict control over its use and discharge. Effective treatment of wastewater containing Cr(VI) is crucial for minimizing environmental and health risks. Under REACH, hexavalent chromium (chromium trioxide) is classified as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) and is subject to authorization and restriction lists. Despite these measures, it is still primarily used in the electroplating, metal processing, steel, paint and varnish, and leather industries, particularly outside the EU. In this paper electrocoagulation treatments were used for removing of hexavalent chromium from synthetic wastewater. The concentration of Cr(VI) before and after treatment was determined spectrophotometrically. Experiments were performed in an electrocoagulation reactor with a capacity of 1 dm3, which can operate in batch and continuous mode. The reactor is made of acrylic, in which 8 electrodes of dimensions (10x12.3x0.3cm) are placed. The impact of electrode material, current density, supporting electrolyte, pH, as well as reactor operation mode and flow rate in continuos mode on Cr(VI) removal efficiency were tested and the high efficiency of this type of electrocoagulation reactor was proven.

UTICAJ VASPITNIH STILOVA RODITELJA NA AGRESIVNOST ADOLESCENATA

2025-12-09T22:25:01+01:00

Istraživanje je imalo za cilj da ispita vezu između vaspitnih stilova roditelja i pojave agresivnosti kod adolescenata u završnim razredima srednjih škola. Uzorak je čnilo 204 ispitanika, od kojih je 107 bilo muškog, a 97 ženskog pola, prosečne starosne dobi od 17 godina. Od instrumenata smo koristili strukturirani upitnik za sociodemografske podatke i porodična obeležja (konstruisan za potrebe ovog istraživanja), skalu agresivnosti BPAG i VS-skalu za procenu vaspitnih stilova. Utvrđeno je da postoji statistički značajna razlika između ispitanika različitog pola u intenzitetu i strukturi agresivnosti. Dečaci u uzorku pokazuju značajno veći nivo ukupne agresivnosti u odnosu na devojčice (p=.01). Ispoljavanju fizičke i verbalne agresivnosti značajno češće pribegavaju dečaci (p=.00; p=.03) u odnosu na devojčice. Na supskalama bijesa i hostitlnosti nisu nađene statistički značajne razlike u odnosu na polnu pripadnost. Istraživanje je pokazalo da nivo agresivnosti zavisi i od stila roditeljstva i majke i oca. Ispitanici sa majkama koje su imale hladne vaspitne stilove (hladno-ograničavajući i hladno-popustljiv) i očevima hladno-ograničavajućeg vaspitnog stila su značajno češće pokazivali veći nivo agresivnosti (p<.001) u odnosu na ispitanike čiji su roditelji imali tople vaspitne stilove. Doprinos ovog rada je u boljem razumevanju faktora koji su u vezi sa agresivnim ponašanjem adolescenata, sa akcentom na ulogu koju imaju roditeljski vaspitni stilovi.

PERCEPCIJA PORODIČNIH ODNOSA I STAVOVI MLADIH O KOCKANJU

2025-12-09T22:28:22+01:00

Današnji mladi žive u društvu u kojem se kockanje smatra društveno prihvatljivim ponašanjem i često ne vide njegove negativne posljedice. Tome doprinosi i dostupnost kockarskih sadržaja, te učestalo reklamiranje kockarskih usluga kao načina brzog i efikasnog sticanja novca. Patološko kockanje predstavlja poremećaj kontrole impulsa, obilježeno je stalnim ponavljajućim radnjama kockanja uz ozbiljne štetne psihološke, finansijske i socijalne posljedice po pojedinca. Porodica je vrlo važan faktor pri prevenciji pojave zavisnosti. Rizičnom porodicom bi se mogla nazvati ona koja svojim oblikom, strukturom ili unutrašnjim odnosima članova i odnosom prema djeci proizvodi emocionalnu klimu koja nepovoljno utiče na razvoj djece.Time se sprječava zdrav razvoj u djetinjstvu i utiče na nezdrave oblike razvoja u adolescenciji i odrasloj dobi, te, uz određene genetske predispozicije, može uticati na to da se pojedini nepoželjni oblici ponašanja pojačavaju.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi da li postoji korelacija između percepcije porodičnih odnosa i stavova o kockanju kao i učestalosti kockanja kod učenika trećeg i četvrtog razreda srednje škole.
U istraživanju su učestvovala 462 ispitanika, učenika srednjih škola sa teritoriji Banje Luke. Pored popunjavaja upitnika socio – demografskih podataka, percepciju porodičnih odnosa ispitanici su iskazali kroz stepena slaganja sa tvrdnjama na Skali percepcije porodičnih odnosa kreiranoj za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Stavove o kockanju su ispitani putem Skale stavova o kockanju koja se sastoji od 20 tvrdnji. Stepen slaganja sa navedenim tvrdnjama ispitanici su mogli iskazati na petostepenoj skali (od uopšte nije tačno do u potpunosti je tačno). Dvije dodatne čestice (pitanja) su kreirane za ispitivanje vrste kockanja koju ispitanici koji kockaju preferiraju kao i načina na koji se uključuju u kockanje (uživo, on line, na oba načina).
Obrada podataka je izvršena u statističkom softveru SPSS. Rezultati su pokazali postojanje statistički značajne razlike u pogledu učestalosti kockanja između mladića i djevojaka Mladići se češće upuštaju u kockanje. Percepcija porodičnih odnosa u kojima dominira loša i nekvalitetna komunikacija, česte svađe, nedovoljno razgovora, u kojoj se mlada osoba osjeća kao stranac u porodici, je statistički značajno povezana sa stavovima o kockanju kao i učestalosti kockanja kod mladih.

POVEZANOST SKRIPTNIH ZABRANA I OBRAZACA AFEKTIVNOG VEZIVANJA KOD ZDRAVIH MUŠKARACA

2025-12-09T22:31:04+01:00

I Teorija afektivnog vezivanja i Transakciona analiza naglašavaju značaj ranih razvojnih iskustava i odnosa u koje dete ulazi sa bliskim osobama, pre svega roditeljima. U tom kontekstu, veoma su bitne i poruke koje prima od njih, jer one oblikuju njegov životni skript. Rad ima za cilj da utvrdi da li postoje značajne razlike kod zdravih osoba sa različitim obrascima porodične afektivne vezanosti u odnosu na izloženost roditeljskim skriptnim zabranama. Ispitivanje je provedeno na uzorku od 100 ispitanika muškog pola. U ispitivanju usvojenih obrazaca porodične afektivne vezanosti (PAV) korišćen je modifikovani Brenanov upitnik za procenjivanje PAV (1995), dok su stepen i karakter skriptnih zabrana procenjivani preko Skale skriptnih zabrana, autora Gavrilov-Jerković i sar. (2009). Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su očekivano prisustvo četiri obrasca afektivne vezanosti na našem uzorku. Dobijene srednje vrednosti celog uzorka za svaku ispitivanu skriptnu zabranu su prosečne, ali se ispitanici sa različitim zabranama različito raspoređuju u obrasce PAV. Kod ispitanika sigurnog stila vezivanja nađena je prosečna izloženost svim zabranama. Ispitanici sa okupiranim obrascem PAV bili su, tokom odrastanja, natprosečno izloženi roditeljskoj zabrani Nemoj da postojiš, dok su plašljivo vezani ispitanici bili izloženi najvećem broju zabrana, čiji je malignitet visok: Nemoj da postojiš, Ne budi važan i Ne budi zdrav.

KARAKTERISTIKE LIČNOSTI KAO PREDIKATOR NEZGODA

2025-12-09T22:34:03+01:00

Postoji niz empirijskih radova koji povezuju neke osobine ličnosti sa učešćem u nezgodama. recenziji literature iz 1961 godine, koju je uradio Kheehn, zaključeno je da ekstraverzija, verovatno praćena neurozom, povezana sa većom odgovornošću za nesreće. Mnoge studije koje se bave ispitivanjem odnosa između ličnosti i umešanosti u nesrećama fokusirale su se na saobraćajne nesreće. Jedna od poteškoća sa studijama ličnosti je to što im je nedostajala koherentna taksonomija, i to je rezultiralo time da se meri veliki broj osobina ličnosti, koristeći mešavinu različitih vrsta metodologije. Studije koje su rađene do sedamdesetih godina prošlog veka, koristile su upitnike (npr., Katz skale prilagođavanja), projektivne testove (npr., TAT, Roršarh) i kliničke intervjue, dok novije studije favorizuju inventar ličnosti kao što je 16PF. Odmerene osobine ličnosti uključuju ekstraverziju, neurotičnost, socijalnu neprilagodljivost, agresivnost, impulsivnost, lokus kontrole, traženje senzacija i, u skorije vreme, pozitivnu afektivnost/negativnu afektivnost i ponašanje Tipa A. U cilju razjašnjenja postojeće literature, Robertson i Clarke (2002) sproveli su meta- analizu ličnosti i profesionalnih nesreća, koristeći taksonomiju „velike petorke“ za kategorizaciju osobina ličnosti. Rezultati su otkrili validnost povezanu sa kriterijumom (nekorektna) za četiri od velikih pet faktora: (niska) prihvatljivost, otvorenost, neurotičnost i (niska) savest (sa nepreciznom značećom validnošću od 0.32, 0.29, 0.19 odnosno 0.15). To ukazuje na to da su pojedinci visoko u otvorenosti i neurotičnosti, a niski u prijatnosti i savesti, podložniji da budu umešani u nesreću.

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE ACETONIC EXTRACT OF ARMILLARIA GALLICA BASIDIOCARPS AND ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENCE OF METALS

2025-12-10T13:20:19+01:00

Armillaria gallica Marxm. & Romagn., commonly known as bulbous honey fungus, is a species of mushroom that is conditionally edible, typically appearing during autumn. The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the acetonic extract of A. gallica and to analyze the presence of metals in its dry basidiocarps. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method, while antioxidant activity was determined through the DPPH and reducing power assays. The total phenolic content was estimated as gallic acid equivalent. Additionally, the metal content in dry basidiocarps was examined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The minimal inhibitory concentrations ranged from 5 to 20 mg/ml. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration in the DPPH assay was 944.52 μg/ml, and the absorbances in the reducing power assay ranged from 0.117 to 0.032. The total phenolic content was determined to be 6.85 mg GAE/g. The most abundant metal was iron with a concentration of 5492 mg/kg. Armillaria gallica is a widely distributed species of conditionally edible mushroom, exhibiting relatively pronounced antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, caution is advised when consuming this mushroom due to its tendency to accumulate metals in its basidiocarps.

STUDENTS EXPECTATIONS TOWARD UNIVERSITY CAREER FAIRS: A CASE STUDY OF ENGINEERING FACULTY STUDENTS IN HUNEDOARA

2025-12-10T13:23:43+01:00

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons why individuals attend university career fairs and the expectations they hold toward these events. Additionally, the article seeks to understand the students' views on the usefulness of these events and assesses the strongest points of the fair. The event chosen for the study is the Career Fair organized in Timisoara in 2023 (in April and October). The event is dedicated to students and graduates interested in identifying opportunities offered by companies for professional information, internships, part-time, or full-time jobs. After participating in the 22nd and 23rd editions of the event, 77 of the participating students from Faculty of Engineering in Hunedoara completed a feedback questionnaire. The questionnaire administered in the study included 2 identification questions, 2 open questions, and 9 closed questions, structured into 13 items evaluating the opinion or satisfaction about certain aspects of the event. Items are answered on a 5-point Likert scale. Data interpretation with the help of graphic and tabular methods allowed the creation of a relevant image of the studied aspects and the relationships between them. In this context, students' opinions about the Career Fair event can provide a benchmark for improving substantive aspects of such events. Considering the impact on decision-making for a future professional career, the subject of the study is considered topical. The study can contribute to the professionalization of information by delimiting the factors that define its purpose and structure.

POSSIBILITIES OF USING SOFTWARE TOOL IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE FIELD OF SURFACE FINISHING AND HEAT TREATMENT

2025-12-10T13:26:28+01:00

Software support may have an important role in the educational process in the field of surface treatment and thermal processing. With the rise of digitalization, software tools have become invaluable means for teaching and learning complex concepts and procedures. These tools enable students to better understand aspects of surface treatment and thermal processing through various simulations. The use of software support in the educational process contributes to improving the quality of teaching in key areas of technical practice. This article provides a broad overview and subsequent comparison of two simulation software programs focused on surface treatments and thermal processing. The article extensively examines the simulation software Thermo-Calc and Nascam. Thermo-Calc and Nascam are software support products for thermodynamic calculations and microstructure simulations in the field of surface treatment and thermal processing. Their high precision, flexibility, and above-average performance make them indispensable tools for enhancing the educational process with potential industrial applications. Thermo-Calc is sophisticated software designed for thermodynamic and phase diagram calculations in materials engineering and materials science. Nascam is software designed for simulations of material microstructures and mechanical properties. The result of this publication was to compare two simulation software programs and determine which one is more suitable for implementation in the educational process.

THE SYNERGY OF DIGITAL TOOLS FOR CREATING AND ASSESSING A WORKING ENVIRONMENT IN THE ERGONOMIC EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

2025-12-10T13:29:25+01:00

The creation and evaluation process of the working environment is considered a demanding activity that requires extensive knowledge across a broad spectrum of specialized fields. Proper creation of the working environment ensures suitable working conditions, which impact the overall productivity and efficiency of manufacturing processes. Ensuring the creation of an appropriate working environment necessitates a multidisciplinary nature of the project, where logistics, production, and ergonomics synergistically interact. The creation of an ergonomically suitable working environment results from knowledge in the area of ergonomic load, as well as all factors of the working environment, which need to be implemented early in the education of future industrial managers and ergonomists. In line with current digital trends and educational opportunities, the presented article is also conceived, providing information about the possibilities of cooperating with various digital tools and ensuring the integration of expert knowledge among students in creating ergonomic working environments for industrial production. The introduction of the article is dedicated to the description of the ergonomic work environment and the possibilities of implementing digital tools in its assembly. The main part of the article highlights the synergy of integrating these tools for creating working environments with opportunities for inclusion within the educational process. The conclusion of the article provides a summary of the achieved results with recommendations for the educational process in the field of ergonomics.

INNOVATIONS AND TEACHING SYSTEMS IN THE TEACHING OF NATURE AND SOCIETY

2025-12-10T13:34:06+01:00

The specificity of innovations and innovative ways of working in teaching dates back to the previous years of the educational system, but it always requires upgrading and improvement, especially use and application in practice. There has been a lot of talk about potential teaching systems, but there has always been a problem regarding application in the practical implementation of teaching and its process. As the teaching itself is very specific and requires good preparation and planning, innovative ways of working also require good preparation and planning. There are special types of learning that can only be applied in certain activities and with certain classes. The teaching of nature and society also requires special preparations in accordance with the teaching units in which new teaching models of work can be applied. It is very important to emphasize the importance of teaching nature and society, because in this way students not only get to know the environment around them, but they also prepare to learn through various experiments through innovative ways of working, which is the goal of this work. The research problem relates to the transformation of established ways of working into innovative ones that can be applied in practice and supplemented in further education. Students should be particularly interested in order to be active in this type of work and advancement. It is also necessary to further educate teachers in order to be able to apply innovative ways of working and to understand their importance in today's lifelong education system. It is of particular importance that educators are able to measure the difficulty of tasks according to the individual capabilities of each student individually, and accordingly plan teaching and its innovative work systems.

MICRO:BIT AS A NEW TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS IN SERBIA

2025-12-10T13:37:26+01:00

The gap between abstract and often inconceivable frontal studies and the new wave of practical teaching, which forces the individualization and independence of students in education, is overcome by the introduction of new technologies, one of which is Micro:bit. By teaching students digital-technical literacy in a fun way, the interest and will of the students for the subject increases at the same time. The benefits of this device are not only aimed at students but also at teachers and the entire school system. Modernization and the introduction of new approaches pave the way for the schools of the future both in Serbia and around the world. The work is divided into two parts, the first theoretical part is about the basics of the micro:bit, the appearance of the device, its specifications, and the programming languages in which it is implemented, as well as the practical part, which is reflected in the survey of the current attitudes of teachers from Serbia.

FLUID DYNAMICS IN THE SPORTS DISCIPLINE OF SWIMMING

2025-12-10T14:02:15+01:00

Objective: This review aims to analyze and synthesize the current literature related to fluid dynamics in biomechanics, particularly focusing on studies investigating hydrodynamic effects on various biomechanical systems. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on their relevance to fluid dynamics, biomechanical systems, and key parameters examined. Results: Fluid dynamics has applications in various biomechanical systems, including swimming strokes, hand and forearm movements, body positioning, and the influence of fluid parameters on performance. Conclusion: Fluid dynamics contributes to performance optimization in various activities.

QUANTITATIVE INSIGHTS INTO PLASMA GENERATION IN SKIN TISSUES BY NANOSECOND LASER PULSES: A NUMERICAL STUDY

2025-12-10T14:04:28+01:00

In this comprehensive numerical analysis, we investigate the critical dynamics of electron behaviour during the laser-induced breakdown (LIB) in skin tissues, a cornerstone for understanding and leveraging plasma generation in biomedical applications. Focused exclusively on numerical methodologies, our study advances the understanding of the delicate balance between electron gain and loss mechanisms under the influence of high-intensity laser pulses. This balance is pivotal for the precise control of LIB processes, which are integral to the development of innovative medical treatments and diagnostics. Our research employs a numerical model to simulate the evolution of free electron density within skin tissues exposed to Nd:YAG laser pulses, specifically within the 500–1000 nm wavelength range and featuring a pulse duration of 10 ns full-width half-maximum (FWHM). This model captures the essence of various ionization processes, such as multiphoton, cascade, and chromophore ionization, and accounts for electron losses due to diffusion and recombination. By providing a detailed numerical investigation into the rate equations governing electron density changes, our study not only enhances the theoretical framework for LIB but also offers practical insights into optimizing laser parameters for medical applications. This research underscores the potential of numerical simulations in driving forward the capabilities of laser technology in the medical field, offering a pathway toward the development of more effective and precisely targeted interventions.

FREQUENCY OF FOREST FIRES DEPENDING ON ALTITUDE IN THE TERRITORY OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2025-12-10T14:09:21+01:00

The result of this work is the analysis of the occurrence of forest fires detected by satellite and their distribution depending on the altitude. The detected fires were analyzed using GIS in relation to the digital terrain model of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on the obtained data, a digital map of the threat of forest and forest land from forest fires was created in relation to altitude. The analysis performed in this paper represents the basis for future research on the threat of forests and forest land in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to the created GIS background and analysis, the paper also provides guidelines on how to use the obtained data.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR OF USERS

2025-12-10T14:13:07+01:00

Various theories available in the international literature provide frameworks for understanding how social media platforms are integrated into the daily lives of individuals and how users' reliance on these platforms shapes their interactions, perceptions, and behavior patterns in the digital age. Media Dependency Theory, Uses and Gratifications Theory, Social Identity Theory and Cultivation Theory are prominent theoretical frameworks used in communication studies to provide better understanding of the relationship between media and individuals, and more recently they are dominantly applied in the social media context. In this context, the objective of this paper is to provide an insight into the complex dynamics of the influence of social media on users and society in general, based on a review of research results that had the aforementioned theories as a conceptual basis.

THE ROLE OF THE MASS MEDIA IN CREATING POLITICAL ATTITUDE OF THE POPULATION

2025-12-10T14:26:39+01:00

Mass media play a central role in informing the public about what is happening, both locally and globally, especially in the areas about which consumers of media content do not have direct knowledge or experience. Recent research has shown that the mass media play an undeniable role in creating public opinion, influencing the thought, attitude and value system, as well as the lifestyle and behavior of the average user of media services. Mass media influence our perception of reality even when they are not the only source of that reality. The aim of this paper is to determine in what ways the mass media influence creation of political attitude of the population, especially in the Republic of Srpska, i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mass media role in creating political attitude of the population is multiple. Apart from selecting only a few from the multitude of events to "expose" to the public's attention, the media also influence the way we understand specific events. In the language of theory, they "frame" or interpret events and thus highlight or ignore some parts of reality. "Framing" occurs with a multitude of pressures (economic, personal, ideological and especially political) that every journalist or media outlet is under when reporting on events, which also influences what event and in what way the event will ultimately be interpreted.

MASS MEDIA RTRS AND RTVBN SHAPING REALITY OR INFORMING THE PUBLIC

2025-12-10T14:23:30+01:00

According to several successive surveys by the agency for measuring the viewership of TV stations, RTVBN and RTRS represent the most watched and influential media outlets in the Republic of Srpska.
The aim of the research carried out in this work is to show, through a comparative analysis (especially the news functions of the media), how the two most watched television stations in the Republic of Srpska market information and news to the public. Special attention is paid to the creation of the agenda and the concept of media framing, that is, the selection of the part of the information that will be considered more prominent.
Based on the research (following main news programs of both televisions for three consecutive days), the conclusion was drawn that in the news media of RTRS and RTVBN televisions, the influence of agenda setting and media framing was significantly expressed, and that when creating the agenda of both televisions, both reporting bias (visibility bias) and filtering bias (selective bias or selection bias) are easily visible. The research also showed that both televisions have their own ways of forming the agenda, and that for this reason there is very little overlap in the agenda, especially when it comes to highlighting the importance of certain news.

FROM DESK TO TABLET: HOW MODERN TECHNOLOGIES SHAPE STUDENT MOTIVATION

2025-12-10T14:30:09+01:00

In the contemporary educational context, technology plays a pivotal role in shaping pedagogical approaches and students' learning experiences. This paper explores the impact of modern technologies, including digital tools and online platforms, on student motivation for learning. Utilizing a mixed-methods research strategy that encompasses quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with elementary and secondary school students, the study aims to identify key factors that encourage or demotivate students in a digital educational environment. Preliminary findings suggest that access to personalized learning through technological tools can significantly increase student motivation, provided that challenges such as digital literacy and resource availability are adequately addressed. By analyzing data collected from various educational contexts, the paper presents a comprehensive overview of how technology can serve as a catalyst for student engagement and learning improvement. In conclusion, the paper underscores the importance of integrating technological innovations into educational strategies in a manner that respects individual student needs and promotes an inclusive and motivating classroom environment.

GAMIFICATION IN DAILY GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHING

2025-12-10T14:38:10+01:00

This paper explores the potentials and impacts of gamification in the process of learning German in everyday teaching. Defined as the use of game elements in non-game contexts, gamification provides a novel approach to student motivation and engagement. The study builds on theoretical frameworks that support the application of gamification in education, including an analysis of specific examples and methodologies applicable in teaching German. Based on empirical data collected from various educational institutions, the effects of gamification on language learning were analyzed, including skills in speaking, writing, reading, and listening. The results indicate positive implications of gamification, thus encouraging further integration of this method into teaching curricula. The paper also proposes guidelines for implementing gamification strategies in everyday teaching, emphasizing the importance of tailoring games to specific educational goals and contexts.

CHATGPT IN EVERYDAY TEACHING

2025-12-10T14:41:12+01:00

This research paper explores the role and potential of ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence model, in everyday teaching. With the increasing integration of technology into the educational system, ChatGPT offers innovative possibilities for personalized learning, support for students and teachers, and the development of critical thinking. Using a mixed-methodology approach, including quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with teachers and students, the paper assesses how ChatGPT can enhance learning and teaching. Our findings indicate significant benefits of using ChatGPT in education, including increased student engagement, provision of individualized learning support, and facilitation of administrative tasks for teachers. However, the research also identifies challenges, such as ethical issues and the need for the development of digital literacy. The paper concludes with recommendations for the effective integration of ChatGPT into teaching processes and guidelines for future research.

AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN ESP TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BANJA LUKA

2025-12-10T14:43:50+01:00

This research paper investigates the utilization of authentic materials in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching at the University of Banja Luka. It aims to explore the practices and perceptions of ESP lecturers regarding the integration of authentic materials into their teaching methodologies.
The study employs a comprehensive questionnaire distributed among ESP lecturers to gather data about the use of authentic materials. This questionnaire focuses on ESP textbook selection, integration of authentic materials, teaching challenges, and strategies for enhancing student engagement.
Findings from the survey indicate a deliberate emphasis among ESP lecturers on the importance of relevance, authenticity, and student involvement in their teaching methodologies. Teachers adapt materials to meet students' needs, actively strive to sustain interest in the subject matter, and value collaborative efforts with specialists and students to enhance the effectiveness of ESP instruction.
The paper provides valuable insights into the rationale behind the incorporation of authentic materials, effective integration strategies, and the potential benefits they offer to ESP learners. It highlights pedagogical implications and challenges associated with the use of authentic materials, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches and collaborative efforts in ESP teaching.