ZBORNIK STED KONFERENCIJE

THE EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE INSTITUTIONS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIAN COUNTRIES

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Identifying basic theoretical schemas (as images of real reality) with ideological doctrines (as subjective images of reality) has always been fraught with many dangers, and has often led to catastrophic consequences, sometimes visible to the naked eye. The postsocialist transition is a good example of this claim. The subject of this paper is to explain the wide gap between the model of neoliberal rhetoric and the establishment of quasi-neoliberal reality, which has caused enormous damage to the peoples and state resources through alternative institutions in the countries in which it was applied. Unfortunately, monistic neoliberal instrumentalisations and institutional improvisations and operationalizations are still present in some transition countries, especially in the region of Southeast Europe (SEE). In theory, they manifest through apologetic elaborations, and in practice through various quasi-forms of sociopathological type. The aim of this paper is a) to point out the need to reconcile the interests of government and business elites with the interests of society in the considered countries, viewed as the real functioning of various institutional types (formal, informal, and alternative), and b) to try to explain how total domination of politics over all areas of life and work has prevented real democratization and institutionalization, as well as social and economic development. The paper is based on two hypotheses: the first, the epicenter of all post-socialist transition problems was an institutional vacuum, which eventually turned into institutional nihilism, with highly unfavorable ownership structure as its key component, and the second, in the conditions of institutional nihilism (realized through alternative institutions), the consistent development strategy and successful economic policy cannot be created nor implemented. Using standard methods of economic science and social sciences, the research in this paper showed that government structures throughout the post-socialist period deliberately maintained and reproduced institutional nihilism and forced alternative institutions.

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF SYNTHESIZED PATTERNED POLYMERIC SCAFFOLDS

Dejan Kojic — Mon, 30 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0100

Recently, there has been a significant progress regarding the biotechnological applications within the field of tissue engineering. One of such applications concerns the preparation of patterned polymeric scaffolds for patterned cell growth. Cell growth systems that make use of surface micro structuring and patterning have been gaining important traction as a result of their capacity to finely control cell growth and promote substrate adhesion. Being one of the numerous micro structuring techniques, soft lithography is a simple technique for the preparation of nano-patterned polymeric scaffolds and was used in several studies to create patterned biopolymers on lamellas. In these studies, various lamellas were covered with different biopolymers and patterned usingpoly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamps which were prepared by passing UV light through a printed photomask that contained the desired pattern. The stamp replicates the opposite of the master. The same polymer master can be used many times without degradation. In cell viability was observed on the prepared materials in this work. Viability of cell growth on these biopolymers was then studied with L929 mouse fibroblasts using Neutral Red Uptake Assay. The results showed a significant increase in cell growth on the patterned surfaces of the biopolymers.

BRAINS IN A VAT?

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Our brain is what make us human. It gives rise to our thoughts, movement and desires, store our memories and enable us to navigate our world every day. In the past twenty years neuroscience has made significant progress on understanding human brain function. Yet despite decades of research-the brain remains largely unknown. The computational powers of computers have increased exponentially in this same period. It is of no surprise that research advancements in brain-computer interface (BCI) technology are developing. This technology till now is confined to the rehabilitative medicine (where is use to support mobility and communication of severely disabled persons) and the computer gaming industry (where is use for passive assessment of cognitive state). Prominent examples of BCI that use stimulation include the cochlear implant and deep brain stimulators. Does the brain is a computer? Does the computer has its own intelligence? Connecting our brains directly to technology may be a natural progression of how humans have augmented themselves with technology over the ages? At the end or is it at the beginning: how do we know we are not brains in a vet?

CONTEMPORARY RADIO-TELEVISION SYSTEMS AND CONTENTS PLACEMENT

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Ever since the very beginning and the evolutionary process of electronic media, the cornerstone of contemporary life, the application of new technologies in contents production and placement has not undergone a revolution as much as in the modern age. Technological innovations employed during the analogue radio and television era, along with the subsequent ones, had the basic goal to improve the user experience in terms of vision and sound while presupposing high quality contents constantly challenged by the ever-growing user demands. The second decade of the 21st century is marked by the worldwide media industry expansion which is partly due to the new media influence. The aim of this work is to analyse media systems and other media service providers in the business model adaptation to the new technological possibilities so as to keep and gain some new contents consumers -viewers and listeners - from the national as well as from the global market of media offer and demand by building personal connections through personalised experience. The key role in this process belongs to the rapid growth of data centralisation and its planned usage.

ART AS A RESULT OF THE IDEOLOGY OF POWER

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Is the war over? Is its success measured by the number of victims or the consequences it has
caused? Is art the only winner of any war because it is the only one showing both sides of the coin?
It is ideologically colored, but not conflicted. It is rebellious, but not destructive. It is a luxury of leisured, but not just the empty decoration. It is a living ideology, but not politics. Philosopher Jacques Rancière claims "Art is an act of collective intelligence that should not be politically active. Artists should be at aesthetic distance because there is virtually no art outside the gallery institution." However, Lucy Lipard clarifies "There is no neutral zone. Every artist must ideologically choose, otherwise they will be manipulated." However, artist Alfred Jaar states that there is a huge gap between reality and its presentation. It is the artist who fills this void with intellectual and creative engagement.

ANALYSIS OF THE SERBIAN PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Energy efficiency is one of the priorities defined in the Energy Sector Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia. For the successful realisation of any strategy, including energy sector development strategy, it is necessary to allocate financial resources. In the times recession and limited state budgets, it became necessary to look for new modalities in an era of increasing demand especially where financial resources are limited. One of the models often utilized by the public sectors across the world is Public-Private Partnership (PPP). The purpose of this paper is to identify potential difficulties in the preparation and contracting of PPP projects in the field of energy efficiency in Serbia, considering the fact that only a limited number of public contracts have been signed and much more have been approved as a PPP project proposal. Considering the findings of the research, energy efficiency has proven to be one of the key drivers for the development of PPP projects in Serbia. The projects in the area of energy efficiency experienced an exponential increase in the past period, although difficulties were identified with their preparation and contracting.

GOALS AND ASPECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT AS A GREAT ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM IN SERBIA

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The increase in population and the development of industry lead to an increase in water consumption, which leads to an increase in the amount of used, wastewater. Along with the urbanization and development of industry and agriculture, the level of wastewater pollution has increased. Due to the discharge of wastewater into the recipients, catastrophic consequences have occurred in the recipient (watercourses and water accumulation, land), that is, into the ecosystem as a whole. Regardless of how and where they are generated, the wastewater must be treated if its quality falls outside the scope of the law. The competent state authorities adopt wastewater quality standards, with the primary objective of protecting water resources and land from potential pollution, which can occur if standards and norms are not respected. The quality of the treated wastewater should comply with the requirements of the Regulation
on limit values for pollutants in water and the deadlines for their attainment ("Official Gazette" RS, No. 67/11, 48/12) and the European Council Directive on urban wastewater treatment (Urban waste water treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and 98/15/ EEC).

A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE USE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY FOR THE REMOTE HEATING SYSTEM

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The potential of geothermal energy sources and their evaluation in the energy sense is the basis of a sustainable management strategy in a way that does not endanger the resources, while maximizing their potential. Geothermal energy represents one of the most promising potential for renewable energy in the region. The possibility of using warm, geothermal water depends on the temperature and the abundance of the source. The advantage of a particular area is reflected in the fact that sources for use are already available. Geothermal water is characterized by a very favorable chemical composition in terms of use for heating and the absence of aggressive properties. Resource characteristics on the one hand (temperature, pressure) and thermal requirements of facilities on the other, with certain restrictions on existing installations, and the distance of wells from users, determined the type and heating network of the geothermal remote system, which provides for the use of locally available and renewable energy sources.
The effects of this system are multiple, ranging from savings, through increased energy efficiency and sustainable use of geothermal resources, to environmentally positive environmental effects due to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

CONTENT OF WATER SOLUBLE AND INTERCNANGEABLE FORM OF LEAD IN THE ROADWAY DUST LOANG THE MAIN ROAD M-17 THROUGN THE CITY OF MOSTAR

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

One of the most significant contributors to the heavy metal concentration growth, especially lead metal concentration growth in the soil is traffic. The main objective of the study was to determine the lead content and its concentration in water of soluble and interchangeable forms of lead on the M-17 road in Mostar has been done. Observing this road, five different locations had been chosen for exploring the defined task. Road dust samples were taken in the first cycle, fall 2018. The specified metal is identified according to EU standards. The AAS-flame method was used to determine total lead level and AAS-plow technique was used to determine soluble and exchangeable lead forms. According to the obtained results, the following conclusion. The results of the research show large oscillations of lead concentration on different locations. The highest concentration was found at location 5: Bišće field 498.33 mg / kg and lowest at location 3 Brankovac at 6.12 mg / kg.

ZINC (Zn) CONTENT IN THE SOIL AND BLATINA GRAPES PRODUCED IN THE REGION OF MOSTAR

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

A Blatina grapes is fruit crop characteristic of the Herzegovina region. The amount of grapes produced for consumption and processing, greatly exceeding the Herzegovina population needs, and produced fruit has an impact on the quality of the diet to a wider geographical area. The aim of this work is to determine the content of zinc (Zn), as microelement, as well as potentially toxic metal in soil samples and grapes Blatina produced in the Mostar region, that consumption in raw form or in form of products, zinc may be involved in human metabolism. Soil samples were taken from a depth of 30 cm and 60 cm in locations with different modes of production (extensive, intensive - plantation farming and plantation near anthropogenic sources of pollution). Representative grape samples were taken from the same locations. Physico-chemical properties and zinc content were determined in soil and grape samples. Zinc content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame technique (FAAS). Zinc content in the grapes Blatina is in range of 0.677 to 0.840 mg / kg and is not noticed relation with zinc content in the soil, but it is observed relations between Blatina grapes zinc content, cultivation methods and the presence of anthropogenic pollution sources.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The paper deals with the analysis of environmental protection in contemporary conditions of life and environment, when its pollution is increasingly present due to industrialization in which dirt technologies are often used, as well as human negligence towards nature and others. The aim of the research is to define the concept and goals of environmental protection, the legal basis for its regulation, the principles of protection, the concept of sustainable development, through the analysis of regulations related to the field of environmental protection in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. The conclusion reached by the research is that one of the key problems in the modern world is the protection of the environment and its improvement by applying appropriate mechanisms and measures. Also, it was concluded that the objectives of environmental protection are: preserving and protecting the health of people, ecosystems, genomes of animal and plant species, fertility of the land; natural beauty and spatial values; cultural heritage and goods created by man; providing conditions for a limited, reasonable and sustainable management of living and nonliving nature; preserving ecological stability of nature, quantity and quality of natural resources; prevention of hazards and risks to the environment. Bearing in mind the current activities in our country on the implementation of modern environmental standards, one can conclude that an important step has been made, which requires even greater efforts to achieve an enviable level of progress in this area.

WIND GENERATORS AS ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Wind energy is one of the most actual renewable energy sources (RES), or so-called alternative sources for electricity production. Wind energy has proven to be the most serious alternative source of energy from several aspects: due to its immense amount, a slightly higher electricity price than the price of electricity obtained from hydroelectric power plants, obtaining clean and renewable energy that does not pollute or emit 2 CO into the environment. This paper describes the operating principles of wind turbines, types of their structures, types of wind turbine systems. An overview of electricity generators suitable for the operation of wind turbines, scheme of realization of wind power plants, ways of connection to the grid is given. The dependence of the rotor diameter on the installed power is shown. Wind energy projects in Montenegro based on wind generators have been analysed.

PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES ABOUT THE ORNAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE USE OF ORNAMENTAL INDOOR FLOWERING PLANT SPECIES, AS WELL AS CACTUSES AND SUCCULENTS

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Ornamental indoor flowering plant species are species that flower for more than one season, as well as those that are grown primarily for the beauty of their flowers. On their thickened stems, cactuses sometimes bear tufts of wool. They do not have foliage and most of them have thorns. Succulents are Xerophytes that survive drought by storing water in their organs. The specific objective of this paper was to study the perception of ornamental characteristics and use of the selected species of indoor plants, ornamental flowering species and cactuses and succulents. A survey research was conducted in the area of the cities of Šibenik and Knin as a primary source of information during the preparation of the paper. The survey research was conducted in April and May 2018. The research findings have shown as follows: the attractiveness of the use of the selected species in different interiors was graded from 3.63 to 4.03 for ornamental flowering species and from 3.71 to 4.03 for cactuses and succulents. Ornamental characteristics of ornamental flowering species were graded from 3.84 to 4.13, as opposed to cactuses and succulents, which were graded from 3.42 to 4.06. The effect of different species of indoor plants on human mood was graded from 3.87 to 4.17 for ornamental flowering plant species and from 3.57 to 3.97 for cactuses and succulents.

END OF LIFE VEHICLE RECYCLING IN THE FUNCTION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The intensive exploitation of available natural resources, their processing, distribution, use and disposal, which most of them end up as waste is known as a linear model of the economy. This type of a model shows the inability for sustainable economic development and protection of the environment. Opposite to this model, in recent decades, there is a model of circular economy, which has been developing intensively in recent years, which with its principles of functioning has become a sustainable model, both from the aspect of economy and environmental protection. The principles that repose the circular economy model are 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). One of the most important branches of the economy that seeks to use this model is the automotive industry. So, this paper analyzes the flow of motor vehicle materials that come the end of their life cycle (End of Life Vehicle - ELV), through their possibility of recycling and reuse, and all in the function of an adequate circular economy.

MOUNTAINERING AS A PART OF TOURIST MEGATRENDS

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Tourism and mountaineering are world megatrends and mutually dependent and compatible activities. Mountaineering is organized sports activity and is an integral part of physical culture. Mountaineering activities are mostly related to trips outside the permanent place of residence and movement in nature, so these trips can be considered special forms of tourism. Beside sporting, aesthetic and health motives, hikers are encouraged by cultural, historical, anthropological and other motives. Mountaineering has a multiplier role in the development of tourism in a particular destination, whether it's about specific forms of tourism or the addition of a classic tourist offer. It consists of a whole set of different sports disciplines from recreational, through competitions to extreme. Mountaineering organizations take care of the construction and maintenance of hiking infrastructure, which is also a touristic one. Mountaineering organizations provide hiking guides and rescuers without which it is impossible to develop a quality offer of mountain tourism. This work discusses the contribution of mountaineering to the tourist valorization of montenegro mountain.

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT OF GOODS IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCORDING TO THE CMR CONVENTION

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The paper analyzes the very important Convention on the Contract on the International Transport of Goods in Road Traffic - CMR, examining, first of all, the documents used in this type of traffic, as well as the liability of the carrier. The paper presents the area of application of the convention, the conclusion and execution of the transport contract, the bill of lading (function and content), complaints and lawsuits, successive transportation, etc. At the end of the work, in conclusion, it points to the importance of the Convention that it has for international road freight and goods transportation.

GLOBALIZATION OF THE WORLD AS A PREREQUISITE OF ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM

Dejan Kojic — Mon, 30 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0100

The world of the new millennium shaped by globalization, liberalization and technological development. The concept of globalization began to be used more intensively only in recent times, and different authors have variously defined it. The whole world is deepening poverty, because the rich get richer and the poor poorer. Globalization accelerates the process of impoverishment of the population in nerazvijeniim countries and even in some developing countries and creates new requirements that states must adapt if they want to survive or survive economically. The boundaries are not entirely disappeared, because the nation-states still have a reason to control the movement of people and goods in accordance with the needs of state security. However, looking at four important factors affecting the business of life, the world is already in many ways become a place without boundaries. These factors are referred to as the "four C" (communication, capital, corporations and consumers). Globalization is a process that is started and that can not be stopped, the developed world is the bearer of this process and it is best used on a global circumstances and created the preconditions for a new economic imperialism.

VALUABLE LEADERS STAND OUT WITH A SURPRISING COMPETENCE FOR THE DIGITAL AGE: "HUMILITY IN LEARNING"

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Humble leaders are not, as one might think at first sight, servile, humble, with low selfconfidence and modesty which implies the denial of their own worth. On the contrary, they know exactly what their value is, but do not trump it. They know where their place in the organization is and what their purpose is in their lives and that of others. Moreover, their responsibility is to encourage the autonomy and uniqueness of others, creating their own sense of conscience and responsibility. Starting from this sketch, we will find the answer to the question: "does the humble leader in Romania look different from the universal one?" Mark Zuckerberg, the founder and CEO of Facebook, is one of those who are experimenting with this concept in the "year of travel", which started in 2017. He combines engagement with humility learning. It seems that precisely this slightly anachronistic concept, drawn from theology books, makes a leader successful and maintains its value in highly volatile business environments, in the full disruptive era of digitalization, in which you are now at the top, tomorrow you can reach the bottom, falling exactly from the height you climbed. Because the power is intoxicating on itself. And the wisdom of such a leader lies precisely in the ability to stay at the high levels of success, without deceiving himself and then pushing him into the abyss. Because as it is known, the higher the height the climb, the worse the fall, if you do not know how to maintain balance. According to this study, the humble leader is highlighted by attributes such as: wisdom, ability to adapt, vision and a high level of relationship with internal and external stakeholders.

ELEMENTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BUSINESS PLAN OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA RAILWAYS

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

A brief scientific review of the given topic is focused on the processing of basic elements in the preparation of the Business Plan of the Republic of Srpska Railways, JSC Doboj, with all the projected planned sizes of the railway traffic in the period of one business year. They are parameters through the economic effects participating in the realization of planned tasks. They are presented through the economic effects participating in the realization of planned tasks. The general approach in defining the planning emphasizes the process of operationalization of future accomplishing the set tasks should be realized. It represents the anticipation of future events, as well their presentation and realization. Elementary principles are expressed though the scientific character, complexity, concreteness and participation of all participants of planning in the system of the Republic of Srpska Railways, JSC Doboj. The plan establishes goals, strategies, tasks and priorities in the business, harmonized with the real services. System planning achieves the following: Designing economic sizes of all resources, Directing all business activities towards the achievement of set goals.

TECHNICAL SPECIALISATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES AS A CONDITION FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SME'S IN SERBIA

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Available human resources are one of the potential conditions for the development of SMEE sector in Serbia. Nevertheless, there is an unfavorable structure of human resources, in which technical specializations for a higher technological level do not dominate, which causes the expansion of the technological gap.It is characteristic that in recent years in Serbia there is a disparity of supply and demand on the managerial market, regardless of which category the companies belong to and what activities do they perform. There is a mismatch between supply and demand for certain occupational profiles necessary for the MSPP sector functioning. However, the advantage of small companies is in their innovativeness and flexibility, and also, what is the advantage may become a disadvantage. This paper explains the importance of Human Resources Management, which takes up one of the most important topics and positions in creating the development, functioning and success of the SMEE sector in the European Union and in our country. Therefore, the first and most important issue of diversity in the structure of employees, as well as differences in management, basically defines and specifically categorizes the success of micro, small medium-sized companies and entrepreneurs. In such a defined concept, which implies competitiveness levels, the focus of management engagement is the strategy of continuous creating the level of highly professional managers and employees.

THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF IMF IN MAKING ECONOMIC POLICY OF COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The process of transforming the economy of countries in transition is highly dynamic, turbulent and complex. These circumstances make it difficult to successfully define and implement a proper economic policy, which requires continuous monitoring of the situation in the country, as well as utilization of experiences of other countries in preserving the stability and sustainability of the economy. IMF is one the most influential institutions that monitors the world economic system and plays one of the most significant economic roles in the world. As such, it greatly influences the world economic policy as well as the economic policy of its members, especially the underdeveloped and transition countries. IMF provides advices on economic policies that are not binding. This institution plays an advisory role in economic policymaking. The aim of this research is to point out the consequences of implementing economic policies in countries in transition by relying only on IMF recommendations. Examples of successful and unsuccessful economic transitions of these countries carried out on the basis of IMF recommendations support the confirmation of this thesis. The first part of the paper provides an insight into the basic characteristics and modes of IMF operations. The second part analyzes both the positive and negative sides of cooperation between the countries in transition and the IMF. The last segment refers to the prospective possibility and usefulness for continued cooperation with the IMF.

IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE TOP MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Business management can be seen as an important source of improving decision-making in a company. This is especially important for financial management in terms of daily basis decisionmaking by the company top managers. Besides that, the top management should reconsider the introduction of control mechanisms in companies, because this way enables better management of the company. The goal of using business management as a part of the financial decision-making is more efficient business management that will lead to the maximization of financial and other effects of the company. That increases the company's ability to achieve better results on the market (domestic and international), increasing its value. Business management as an important factor of financial management of a company presents the need to establish management reporting in accordance with the principle of " fair reporting“. One of the ways of improving the overall management flows within a company is the process of establishing and implementing the audit process in the companies.

MANAGER COMMUNICATING SKILLS WITH EMPHASIS ON THE INTERNET

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Managerial communication skill is one of the most important skill for a modern manager which contributes to unification and expression of potentials for all other managerial skills. Whether it is the external or internal communication, it is necessary to bear in mind the way in which the organization communicates and what are the dominant channels of communication. The paper points out that the development of information technologies gives more importance to communication for the organization, which is partly conditioned by changing the way in which employees of the organization communicate with each other, but also the perception of the organization by the end consumer. The Internet offers many opportunities for management development, but at the same time has challenges related to competition, spending precious time and the like. Consequently, it is necessary to know all the potential of this medium.

IMPACT OF ECONOMIC INSTITUTIALIZATION TO THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDUSTRIES IN THE SEE COUNTRIES

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

It has been proven that competitiveness of industry significantly depends on the level of development and efficiency of institutions. Topic of research in this paper is impact of social, and within it economic institutions to the competitive capacity of industry. The aim of the research is proving impact of institutional development to the competitiveness of industry, economic growth and sustainable economic development by the use of comparative analysis. In addition to this, institutional capacity vitally impact efficiency of management of intellectual property and intellectual capital, level of national innovation capacity directly depends on. In nowadays economy of knowledge and global market, intangible assets of a company (and industry), or intellectual property (as narrower part of the intellectual equity) represents the factor that makes it successful. Instead of neoliberal, passive and dysfunctional macroeconomic policy in the SEE countries, there is a need for its reorientation to the institutionally active, engaged, equal, propulsive and efficient economic policy with civilization and developmental sign.

SOME NEW MATHEMATICAL THEORIES WITHOUT FORMULA

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The aim of this paper is to highlight the possibility of interpreting some recent mathematical theories without formulas. First, we will describe these mathematical theories (linear and metric spaces, affine transformations, and groups of transformations) via formulas in the language of modern mathematics. We will then explain these topics without formulas using experiments in mechanics, physics and chemistry, and construction as well as through examples from everyday practice.

INDIVIDUAL, GROUP AND TEAM A WORK IN SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Organization different in foundation isolated, group and team a work on various a levels. Contemporary subjects favor team interdiscipline a work. Efficiency and effective the organization of work, reflect is on whole results. Various are possible a classifications, distributions. Groups are transfiguration in teams. Exist a expanses for to be engaged in research.

BASIC FEATURES AND INHERITED LEGAL EFFECT OF THE LIFETIME SUPPORT CONTRACT

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Lifetime support contract is one of the most important Law of Obligation contracts and in Republic of Srpska is regulated by the Inheritance Law. As an intuitu personae contract, it represents a legal transaction signed for the sake of personal qualities of one or both contractual parties. It has an inherited legal effect, and it is complex and strict in its nature. Historically, in the 19. Century civil code rulebooks from this area there were known hereditary law institutes, lifetime support and lifetime rent but there was no lifetime support contract. This contract was not introduced in our legal field until 1955. by adopting the federal, and after that republic and provincial law on inheritance, by which as a part of the contract the determined transfer of the property from the support recipient onto the support giver was postponed until the time of death of the recipient. The current trend in increase of the number of people who aquire their property by signing the lifetime support contract confirms the practical significance of this contract, as well as the efficiency of the legal guarantee of the human rights i its legal exercise. Simultaniously, considering that this contract is reliable and difficult to refute in court, there are numorous litigations, especially since even though the contract does not have direct hereditary law influence, it has an indirect impact on the potencial inheritor's right of ownership. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to indicate the directions for the innovation of the possible legal solutions, through the use of comparative law analysis of its normative legal and empirical characteristics, especially from the case law perpective, its basic characteristics, possible legal solutions, rights and obligations arising from this contract and the possibility of its termination and legal effect.

POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS (PARTIES) AND THEIR CONSTITUTIONAL POSITION

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The general aim of this paper is to give an overview of the following topics: the concept, significance and tasks of political organizations, their emergence and development, classification of political organization and relations in the organizational structure of political parties, ideology of political parties, and constitutional position of political parties. The specific aim of this paper is to provide feedback on political parties in B&H and The Republic of Srpska and to answer questions such as: What are the basic elements of these parties and what is their status basis: Program, statute and organization, party base, supporters, sympathizers, candidates; Types of membership, members, activists and executives; Level of organization: local, regional and national; what is the ideology of these political parties and why are there misunderstandings and conflicts between them? The question is whether it is possible at all to reach a consensus on common values through political parties in B&H based on current constitutional solutions and ethno-cultural differences. The key question is whether the three constituent nations, together with other national minorities in B&H, create political unity through their political parties? Also, in this paper, as well as in concluding considerations, the following questions will be answered: How is it possible that the political goals of political parties in B&H and The Republic of Srpska are so similar and wellstructured, while not implemented in practice; why certain parties take over the programs of other parties, and how is it possible for them to go to elections with the same program goals without practically conducting them or forming a coalition after elections with parties of completely different program orientations, without fearing that they will therefore be sanctioned by citizens (voters) in the next elections? It seems that for most political parties in B&H and The Republic of Srpska the most important thing is to "secure livelihood" for their members than to pursue their program goals. The paper also gives a broader overview of the constitutional position of political parties in general, and in B&H and Republika Srpska in particular, and answers how much the work of political parties is in the spirit of the Constitution of B&H and individual laws, and how much the Election Law of B&H contributes to violations of the aforementioned laws. The paper, and especially the concluding considerations, outlines what needs to be done in order for political parties to contribute to the stabilization of B&H as a state and the development of its entities: the Republic of Srpska and the Federation of B&H.
Key words: political party, Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dayton peace agreement,
statute and program of political parties, ideology of political parties.

INCREASED PROCEDURAL FORMS IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The basic aim of the criminal procedure is to establish the truth. It should be acknowledged that the most appropriate time to do this work is before the main trial because, as determined by the police or the prosecutor, it often has a higher real value than the material that was later established in the courtroom. On the other hand, one of the more important features of the contemporary science of criminal procedural law, and therefore contemporary criminal procedural legislation, whose solutions follow the tendencies of science, is the requirement for the efficiency of the criminal justice system. The question of the effectiveness of the criminal procedure, that is, the treatment, is an issue that has always attracted the attention of not only the scientific and professional public, but also the public at large, especially for the last decade. The request for the efficiency of the criminal procedure has become one of the more important features of modern criminal law science, and therefore modern criminal procedural legislation whose solutions follow the tendency of science. It is, quite justified, one of the international legal standards of this area as a whole. The author discusses the simplified assessment of the forms in the criminal assessment of the law of the Republic of Srpska related to the achievement of the appropriate level of efficiency in criminal proceedings in the Republic of Srpska.

INSTITUTE OF LOSS OF PROPERTY BENEFITS ACQUIRED BY CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Nowadays, an increasing number of criminal offenses have been committed in order to gain property benefits, in particular, criminal offenses of corruption and criminal offenses of organized crime or serious forms of economic crime. When analysing the aforementioned criminal offenses, in addition to focusing attention on the perpetrator and the commission of a criminal offense, particular attention should be paid to determining the form and amount of the benefits obtained by the criminal offense. In this sense, the take-over of the seizure activities of those assets acquired through criminal offenses is initiated. From here follows a logical conclusion that it is not enough to punish someone for example. an abusive official position if he will not be deprived of what he has obtained as a benefit of committing a criminal offense. Such a procedure in which the acquired property by the criminal offense would remain untouched by the perpetrator himself would be rewarded for the committed criminal offense. The logical conclusion is that the confiscation of property gain acquired through a criminal offense is the only valid means in the suppression of organized crime and other criminal offenses seeking to obtain material gain or other material gain. The author deals primarily with the legal nature of the seizure of property gain obtained by a private work, and accordingly special consideration is given to the provisions of various positive legal regulations in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which treat this area.

CONCESSION CONTRACT – PUBLIC LAW CONTRACT WITH ELEMENTS OF PRIVATE (CIVIL) CONTRACT

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

In modern, continental law, division of law into public and private one is generally accepted. Historical root of that division can be found in Ulpian, and its principled concept is also present in modern law systems. That also applies to domain of contract law. Thus, legal theory distinguishes public law contracts and private law contracts. Even though they have a number of elements in common, there are important differences between them and they relate to their subject, subjects, their rights, obligations etc. However, the main difference is in their cause, i.e. goal; in private law contracts, the goal is primarily the realization of certain private interests of the contracting parties, while the public, i.e. general interest is dominant in public law contracts. In this work, the author affirms thesis of a part of legal theory that concession contracts are usually latent administrative contracts and in those legal systems whose positive system does not recognize administrative contract as a separate institute. In accordance with positive law of the Republic of Srpska, concession contracts are public law contracts by their nature, but with certain elements of private (civil) contract.

CO-CREATING TECHNOLOGY ENHANCED RESPONSIBLE IT SOLUTIONS TOGETHER WITH STAKEHOLDERS: PRACTICAL EXAMPLE FROM V4

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

IT co-creation seen as the act of creating solutions together brings different stakeholders side by side (e.g. companies, groups of customers, IT developers, innovators, citizens, etc.), in order to develop a co-operatively satisfying and valued output in the IT innovation process. In general, it requires changing the traditional approaches of developing IT solutions behind the doors, and implementing an open, dynamic and up-to-date approach to innovation. The presented article aims to zoom in the IT co-creation process and showcase a practical example of co-creating technology enhanced socially responsible IT solution together with all the relevant stakeholders in the V4 countries.

APPLICATION OF ELK STACK FOR ANALYSYS AND VISUALIZATION OF EVENTS FROM THE IOT NETWORK

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The paper describes the implementation of an Elastisearch, Logstash and Kibana (ELK) stack to process, analyze and display of IoT data originating from several types of sensors. The prepared Elasticsearch platform collects and integrates real data generated by various sensors for further processing and publishing the desired information. Storing different format inputs, finding and extracting the desired information is a key issue that we needed to solve in our IoT environment. We used Grok filters within Logstash to parse unstructured data and as a result we got structured data in JSON format. Using Logstash allowed us to route filtered data to Elasticsearch. Elasticsearch simplifies the storage of large amounts of records in a database that can be easily searched. Depending on the type of data received from the IoT sensors, we have applied custom filters to analyze the received data, index it and store it in the database. We have presented the relevant information and introduce it to the user using a Kibana interface. By using Kibana, we achieve the near-real-time display of desired analytical information from the IoT network. The presented concept and data analytics system can be used in more sophisticated IoT networks to automate the generation of required analytics, giving the IoT system the ability to take automated actions based on analyses of collected IoT information.

IoT BASED RIVER WATER LEVEL MONITORING

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Flooding is natural disaster which is very frequent and most costly and unfortunately, we were witnessed flood in region in previous years. This paper will describe the usage of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor river behavior in order to prevent or mitigate the recurrence of disasters. The paper also describes development and design of a wireless network, service and service platform, and use of IoT hardware (sensors) we can find on market to establish different application scenarios in the associated hydrological region, highlighting the characteristics of data collection and their use. The wireless network is implemented with LoraWAN technology. End devices are low power sensors that transmit measurement data or events periodically and / or upon LoR modulation to base stations. In this example, ultrasonic devices are used to measure distances to the water surface. Sensors are installed at existing measuring points of interest. Base stations (gateways), installed near sensors, accept packets containing the measured value and forward them to the network server. The network server accepts packets from all base stations, all sensors and devices and, depending on user requirements and platform settings, forward them to the predefined application server. The developed architecture is in charge of transmiting, encryption and security, to send real-time data packets to a server that places the collected data in a non-relational database. As a consequence, accessing, processing and visualizing data through a variety of customized queries and graphical representations is crucial for advanced use in flood and forecasting analyzes. Virtualization capabilities will be presented when processing the collected data

METHODS FOR THE EPOXIDATION OF VEGETABLE OILS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Epoxidized vegetable oils have seen increasing application diversity in chemical and polymer industry. They are mainly used as stabilizer and plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). However, they are also promising intermediates for the production of other vegetable oil derivatives. Vegetable oils are epoxidized in the industry with in situ formed organic peracid, commonly performic or peracetic acid. The shortcomings of this method include the occurrence of side reactions as well as the necessity for treatment of waste streams. Therefore, other epoxidation methods such as epoxidation with organic and inorganic hydroperoxides and epoxidation with dioxiranes have been studied extensively. Also, enzymatic epoxidation has attracted much attention in recent years. The advantages and shortcomings of the studied epoxidation methods will be discussed in the present work.

POSSIBILITIES OF TECHNICAL PROCEDURE CREATION FOR TESTING THE WELD JOINT BY A NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The continuous increasing of requirements for product quality leads to increased flaw control and evaluation. One of the inspected parts of the product is a welded joint. The flaws should be eliminated as far as possible to avoid the failure or destruction of the product. In the field of weld inspection, there is the most used the non-destructive testing, whose main advantage is that the product remains unchanged for further use after testing. The presented article is focused on the possibilities of technical procedure creation of weld inspection by use of non-destructive testing. The introduction part of this article describes a theoretical approach to non-destructive testing, concretely the ultrasonic testing with the consequent description of materials and methods which were used to create the technical procedure. The main part of the article describes the possibilities of creating the technical procedure for a concrete practical example and it provides a general evaluation of the proposed solution at the end.
Key words: technical procedure, welding, non-destructive testing.

RUBBER TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS OF THERMAL HEATING BY CONVECTION OVER THE FLAT PLATE

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The heat transfer operation is extremely important in various technologies, especially in the rubber industry for crosslinking and for all the steps in the process of obtaining products from elastomeric materials. The speed at which the heat can be transferred to the rubber compound or taken away from it affects the design of the process equipment as it controls the rate of mixing, shaping and vulcanization. Turbulent heat transfer between the rubber compound and steel equipment is very complex due to the large conversion of mechanical energy into heat. Convective heat transfer with air, fluids or steam is also present in the fabrication of elastomeric products. In this work the heat transfer for the laminar and turbulent region of the boundary layer as well as the variation of the local resistance coefficient and the coefficient of heat transfer in the parallel flow of the fluid over the flat plate were analyzed. The relations are given for the determination of Reynolds and Nusselt numbers for characteristic flow fields, which will allow calculation of the heat flow. Also, a graphic representation of the average heat transfer coefficient for a flat plate in the combination of laminar and turbulent flows is given, which is of particular importance in industry. Relationships in one example concerning the cooling of the heated plate by air flow natural convection in the case of different flow directions are shown.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS TURBIN OIL FORMULATIONS ON THEIR COMPATIBILITY

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

After the turbine oil life cycle has been completed, it is necessary to replace it. The new generation of turbine oils is formulated with Group II and/or III base oils and a package of ashless additives. Such oils are often incompatible with conventional types of turbine oil. The new oil in the system also has the ability to dissolve residual deposits and varnishes. Replacing turbine oil that has been in the system for a long time or adding new oil to the system therefore has some risks. This paper will present the results of testing/testing the compatibility of turbine oil (used oil) formulated with a classic base (Group I base oil and additive package) and a new turbine oil formulated with an ashless additive package and a mixture of Group II and III base oils (new generation oil).

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES HYBRID MATERIALS BASED ON ALIPHATIC POLYURETHANES AND TiO2 NANOPARTICLES

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

In this work were synthesized hybrid materials based on aliphatic polyurethanes and small amounts of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0.5; 2.0 and 3.0 wt.%). From an environmental point of view, this synthesized hybrid materials are significant engineering materials because the products of their thermal degradation are significantly less toxic compared to the products of thermal degradation of aromatic polyurethanes. The presence of uniformly distributed TiO2 nanoparticles (polyurethane film containing 2.0 wt.% TiO2) influenced the additional formation of hydrogen bonds as well as the improvement of the mechanical properties of the obtained polyurethane hybrid materials. The good mechanical properties, together with the corresponding thermal stability characteristics, make it possible to apply the obtained hybrid materials based on aliphatic polyurethanes and TiO2 nanoparticles as mechanically strong and durable coatings or films in biomedicine or as packaging materials.

CURING KINETICS OF EPOXY BASED HYBRID MATERIALS WITH DIFFERENT CONTENT OF SEGMENTED POLYURETHANES

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

In this paper, the influence of thermoplastic segmented polyurethanes on the curing kinetics of epoxy based hybrid materials was assessed. Samples were prepared with diglycidil ester bisphenole A epoxy resin and different content (10, 15 and 20 wt. %) of thermoplastic segmented polyurethanes with different content of hard segments (20, 25 and 30 wt. %) based on aliphatic polycarbonate macrodiols, hexamethylene diisocyanate and chain extender 1,4-butanediol using the catalyst, dibutyltin dilaurate, and also a sample without added elastomeric polyurethane. All samples were cured with hardener Jeffamine D-2000. The curing of the epoxy hybrid materials were investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Using data obtained from DSC, five isoconversion models were applied to determine the effect of polyurethane elastomer content, as well as the content of hard segments in polyurethane, on the crosslinking reaction of the material. Results showed that for hybrid materials with a higher content of segmented polyurethanes (10 and 15 wt. %), curing process starts at lower temperatures and the maximal speed is achieved at lower temperatures. The highest change in total enthalpy of the crosslinking reaction is determined for the epoxy based hybrid material with polyurethanes containing 30 wt. % of hard segment. It was concluded, that the knowledge of the curing kinetics is important for the selection of optimal fabrication conditions and processing parameters for epoxy based hybrid materials in industrial conditions.

OPTIMALIZATION OF PARAMETERS FOR MEASUREMENT OF THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COATING FOR MACHINE PARTS

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

When designing machines that contain dynamic components, it is necessary to consider the tribological properties of the materials used for the functional parts of these components. The movement itself during the operation of the machines has a mechanical impact on these parts, which may result in the performance of the mechanism being affected. This work is focused on the measurement of the tribological properties of coating designed for deposition on the surface of functional machine parts. The theoretical knowledge from the material area of the issue is described is reviewed. The experimental part of the paper is devoted to the measurement of tribological properties, such as wear and friction properties by the ball - on - disc method and coating adhesion by scratch test. The obtained results are summarized in the conclusion part.
Keywords: tribology, coating, measurement.

THE ANALYSIS OF THE SUBSTRATE INFLUENCE ON THE PRINT QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SCREEN-PRINTED TEXTILE

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Textile printing is an increasingly important area of the contemporary graphic industry, and screen printing represents a dominant technique in this field. The quality of the print depends on many parameters, such as the type of substrate material or the type of printing ink. The usual way to evaluate print quality consists of an objective assessment of the color and tone of the printed image. Quality parameters, such as contrast, sharpness, and macro non-uniformity, are not associated with color reproduction, but certainly affect print quality. These parameters are directly related to the quality of the lines and raster dots, which is an integral part of any image. Therefore, when evaluating print quality, it is necessary to analyse these elements. The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of the textile substrate on the quality of print obtained by the screenprinting technique. Digital image analysis of the scanned image of the print, appropriate software application and visual evaluation of the prints, were used to determine the print quality. The obtained results show the importance of interaction between the textile material and printing ink and its influence on the print quality parameters.

FABRICATION OF AEROGEL FROM KOMBUCHA BACTERIAL CELLULOSE: INVESTIGATION OF SOME PROPERTIES

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Aerogels with large surface area, are very light related to the filling of pores with air (99%). Due to these features scientific studies on aerogels have increased at great speed. Aerogels are obtained using many materials as inorganic substances like silica as well as cellulose as biodegradable organic polymers. Bacterial cellulose is eco-friendly material, and it can be produced in economic ways with simple processes. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of the bacterial cellulose obtained by Kombucha scabby in order to fabricate aerogels with some properties such as heat resistance and swelling features. Kombucha bacterial cellulose has been produced to obtain heat resistance property by simple diffusion method. The characteristic property of the obtained aerogels was investigated by SEM and TGA. The results of this work showed that, the resistance of the bacterial cellulose aerogels increases the degradation temperature. This study showed that Kombucha bacterial cellulose can economically be obtained by simple techniques and use in different fields of aerogels as eco-friendly raw materials.
Keywords: Aerogel, Kombucha scoby, Bacterial cellulose, Thermal properties

ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT WITHIN THE POWDER LIME PRODUCTION LINE

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

This paper discusses the selection of the most technically suitable method of transporting lime powder within the existing plant at the lime factory. From the production line, lime powder must be transported to the factory silo. Of the more technically feasible variants analysed, flying pneumatic transport was chosen as the most favourable variant within the existing technological process of lime powder production. Based on the given transport capacity, a calculation of the pressure drop in the transport pipeline was made, and then the selection of installation and equipment. Technical and technological analysis of the transport system was performed.

TRANSFER OF THE IDENTITY AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ART WORKS TO TACTILE 3D MODELS FOR THE BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED AND USE OF PRINTED ELECTRONICS

Dejan Kojic — Sat, 20 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The reinterpretation of classical art into digital art was taken as the basic framework within which I moving with using two concepts: classic and digital. Both terms represent different epochs, in which the notion of classical art implies a much longer period of time, making it more difficult to use without opting for a shorter period of time in which the visual cue is imposed as dominant over some other iconographies of the wider classical heritage. Old terminology became unusable, so one can logically conclude that the inheritance of the old visuality can be more difficult to use. My research is based on classic beauty that doesn't showman as he is, but portrays him as some special ideal that aligns with what is outside and what is inside, but I am particularly interested in the aesthetics ofclassical art and possibility of its transfer into digital. The term appropriation can be better used here, basically, how the aesthetics of the classical are used in the digital age. We define appropriation as the instrument of transferring elements from one to another a system of meaning or artistic discourse, respectively as an act of creation that strategically reaches for existing, artistic or not artistic, creations as a material for the constitution of a new art of creations. Appropriation is a creative procedure that involves a heterogeneous set of languages, genres, techniques, media as well as cultural ones requirements in the creation of new works of art. The term appropriation is new in the artistic vocabulary, it was introduced through postmodernism, when digital platforms were already being built, and also networks, and the expansion of the internet. Our body and body of art began to settle within new platforms. The apparent similarity of the term appropriation and interpretation in this text is intentional, therefore that the text builds on the alignment of two historical epochs, one based on Pigment and the other defined as Pixel. Idea of the alignment of Pixel and Pigment and the invention of flaxseed oil, which enabled a triumph the painting aesthetics and the Amiga, which is the machine that created the Pigment, exhibits complex processes of appropriation, reinterpretation, politics of using aesthetic material of old art in today's post-consumerist era, where art is emancipated through screen images.