CONTEMPORARY MATERIALS

ANALYZING MEDIA NARRATIVES ON RENEWABLE ENERGY IN MACEDONIA USING SENTIMENT AND TOPIC MODELING

2025-12-26T13:48:33+01:00

This paper explores the evolution of media sentiment and thematic discourse around Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Macedonia from 2017 to 2024. Drawing on over 9,500 news teasers retrieved from Time.mk, we apply FinBERT and BERTweet for sentiment analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling. Our findings reveal a dominant neutral sentiment profile with notable positive sentiment peaks aligned with key regulatory developments and market shifts. Topic modeling further captures the transformation of discourse from centralized, policy-driven rhetoric toward decentralized, technologically mature themes, centered on solar expansion, public engagement, and institutional implementation. The outcome of this research contributes to understanding how public discourse on RES evolves over time, and its implications add value to the role of media in shaping societal perception and stakeholder’s response to renewable energy transition.

STUDY OF THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME ESSENTIAL OILS USED IN COSMETICS AND PHARMACEUTICALS

2025-12-28T13:40:33+01:00

The processing of various liquids used in industrial production is accompanied by complex physicochemical, biological and mechanical processes, the detailed study of which allows the organization of objective control and management of the technological cycle of production. The rheological characteristics of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals fluids are important for production, packaging, filling, and storage. The course of these processes, the design parameters of the working bodies of the relevant machines and devices, as well as the quality of the products obtained to a significant extent depend on the rheological properties of the processed materials. The main processes in which the rheological properties of the processed materials should be most fully taken into account are forming, mixing and transportation. When studying the indicated processes, a relationship is established between the rheological characteristics of the material and the technological parameters of its processing. One of the most significant properties of continuous media is viscosity. The article considers the main methods of measuring the viscosity of liquids with a rotational viscometer. This article presents results of a study of the rheological properties of essential oils /rose oil, lavender oil and peppermint oil/. Thermo Scientific HAAKE MARS iQ Rheometer Air-bearing was used to determine the dependences of viscosity change on temperature. Currently, in some reference materials, approximate values of the dynamic viscosity of essential oils can be found, but the exact numerical values at different temperatures are missing. The results obtained have practical value in technological processes and the design of machines and mechanisms that use essential oils.

ENERGY TODAY AND TOMORROW

2025-12-28T15:31:56+01:00

This paper provides an overview of current and future global energy challenges, focusing on the dynamics of energy demand, environmental impacts, and technological transformations that are shaping the transition toward more sustainable energy systems. Although fossil fuels continue to dominate the world’s energy mix, rapid developments in technology, efficiency, and policy are driving significant shifts in how energy is produced, delivered, and consumed. The study examines the factors influencing rising global energy demand, the role of energy security and geopolitical considerations, and the environmental consequences of continued dependence on fossil resources. Special attention is given to emerging renewable technologies, decentralization, digitalization, and the increasing importance of consumers within the evolving energy ecosystem. The analysis highlights that, despite progress in renewable energy and innovation, fossil fuels will likely remain central through mid-century, creating a pressing need for feasible carbon mitigation strategies. The paper concludes that future energy systems will depend on large-scale technological innovation, new digital infrastructures, and coordinated global policy efforts to ensure sustainability, reliability, and equity in the decades ahead.

THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

2025-12-28T15:39:54+01:00

The European Green Deal represents a transformative strategy for economic growth, aiming to create a fair, prosperous, and resource-efficient Europe with a competitive economy and net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The energy sector, as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, is central to achieving these objectives, and renewable energy sources (RES) play a pivotal role in decarbonization. The Republic of Croatia, despite its favorable geographic potential for solar energy, remains underutilized in terms of solar electricity, heating, and cooling generation. This paper examines the potential of solar energy and other renewables to contribute to sustainable economic growth in Croatia, emphasizing energy efficiency, distributed generation, and the creation of green jobs. Demonstration projects indicate that expanding photovoltaic and solar thermal systems could generate up to 20,000 jobs while reducing carbon dioxide emissions and enhancing energy independence. The study also highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches, integrating technical, social, economic, and environmental perspectives, to ensure a coordinated and sustainable energy transition aligned with EU and global climate goals.

SOLAR ENERGY AS A DRIVER OF THE GREEN TRANSITION: THE PATH TO A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

2025-12-28T15:46:40+01:00

Solar energy is increasingly gaining significance as an essential part of sustainable development and the transition to cleaner forms of energy. Its application helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels, contributes to the reduction of harmful gas emissions, and offers numerous economic and ecological benefits. This paper examines the role of solar energy in creating a greener energy system, focusing on the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of its application. The paper begins by reviewing global capacities and current trends in solar energy usage, with special emphasis on technological advancements that enable greater efficiency of solar systems. It then analyzes financial aspects, including initial costs, subsidy opportunities, and the long-term profitability of investments in this technology. The ecological benefits of solar energy are also an important focus, ranging from reduced carbon dioxide emissions to preserving natural resources and improving air quality. One of the key elements of the paper is the evaluation of solar system efficiency, as precise measurement is essential for making informed decisions about their implementation and profitability. In this context, factors such as production capacity, efficiency, economic sustainability, and comparisons with other renewable energy sources are considered. The paper also addresses challenges—barriers related to infrastructure, financing, and regulatory frameworks continue to hinder the broader adoption of solar energy. Solar energy holds significant potential for transforming the energy sector toward a more sustainable model. However, to fully realize this potential, it is essential to continue the development of advanced technologies, ensure better integration of solar systems into existing grids, and enhance institutional and regulatory support. Systematic investment in innovation and strengthening international cooperation can significantly contribute to global efforts in combating climate change and ensuring energy stability.

SOLAR ENERGY AS A DRIVER OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – Technological and Market Cooperation Accelerates the Transition

2025-12-28T15:53:44+01:00

In a time marked by climate change and the depletion of natural resources, solar energy is increasingly recognized as a key driver of sustainable development. This paper analyzes the role of solar energy in the energy transition, focusing on its technical capabilities, economic benefits, and potential for job creation. Furthermore, it explores how the synergy between technological advancement and market mechanisms can accelerate the replacement of fossil fuels and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The technical section outlines recent progress in photovoltaic technologies, improvements in solar panel efficiency, cost reductions in production, and the role of smart grids in integrating renewable sources into the energy system. Through an analysis of market trends, the importance of investments in renewable energy, subsidy mechanisms, tax incentives, and public-private partnerships in expanding solar capacity is emphasized. From an economic perspective, the paper explores the potential of the solar industry to create jobs–ranging from manufacturing and installation to maintenance and research. Utilizing available statistical data and models, the study demonstrates that investments in the solar sector yield multiple benefits: energy sovereignty, reduced dependence on fossil fuel imports, and the creation of new economic opportunities in both rural and urban areas. Case studies from countries that have successfully implemented solar strategies (e.g., Germany, Spain, and India) highlight key success factors and foreseeable obstacles that can be addressed proactively. Special attention is given to the role of public policy and regulatory frameworks that support the faster integration of solar energy, as well as the need for education and workforce retraining in accordance with the demands of the new energy paradigm. The paper concludes that synchronized efforts between technological development and market instruments are essential for accelerating the green transition. Solar energy, as a clean, renewable, and increasingly accessible resource, has the potential not only to replace fossil fuels but also to become a foundation for economic resilience and social equity in a post-carbon society.

INVESTIGATION OF PARTIAL SHADING INFLUENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS PERFORMANCES

2025-12-28T16:21:30+01:00

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are usually mounted on the roofs or on building facades, thus partial shading caused by surrounding objects and debris is not rare. Even for ground mounted PV systems, installed in fields, passing clouds or trees can make partial shading issue, indicating that partial shading impact on PV panels performance should get more attention. Partial shading of PV panels can be induced by the presence of dust, leaves (or similar objects), bird droppings etc. on their front surfaces or by the shadows caused by surrounding buildings, objects, chimneys, clouds. When PV panels are partially shaded, they receive lower solar radiation intensity, and their performance decreases. Also, when partial shading occurs, PV panels may not get uniform solar radiation. The locations of partial shading on PV panels are variable and random. In this paper, results of an experimental investigation of the partial shading effects on optimally inclined monocrystalline silicon PV panels performances are shown. Results showed that the power of partially shaded PV panel reduced for 42.47% compared to the referent PV panel.

SOLAR ENERGY AS A DRIVER OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGE IN THE WESTERN BALKANS

2025-12-28T16:28:36+01:00

The Western Balkans region faces serious energy and environmental challenges. As the majority of electricity is still generated from lignite, this results in high pollutant emissions and makes the region one of the most polluted areas in Europe. This dependence on fossil fuels is not aligned with the legal framework of the European Union nor with the international obligations stemming from the Paris Agreement. It also may slow down the process of European integration. In addition, energy shortages and high electricity prices create political and socio-economic tensions. In this context, solar energy emerges as a key driver of sustainable development and the transformation of the energy sector. Through a systematic review of the literature and relevant reports of international organizations (IEA, IRENA, OECD), the paper explores environmental benefits (reduction of CO2 emissions and contribution to sustainable development goals), economic aspects (job creation, attraction of investments, development of new industries), and social implications (energy security, improved quality of life, education, and public awareness). Special attention is devoted to the specific challenges of the region, including outdated infrastructure, inconsistent regulatory frameworks, insufficient investment, and limited access to financing. The study demonstrates that solar energy, in addition to reducing coal dependency, has the potential to become a catalyst for broader socio-economic development by strengthening local communities, fostering the creation of green jobs, and enhancing regional cooperation. However, to fully realize this potential, a combination of increased public and private investments, reliable regulatory mechanisms, modernization of energy systems, and international support is required, alongside active involvement of the local population and the promotion of energy literacy. The aim of this review paper is to analyze the role of solar energy in the process of sustainable energy transition and its contribution to socio-economic changes in the region.

ECOLOGY MATERIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES AND OPTIMAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

2025-12-28T16:33:55+01:00

The integration of ecological materials into sustainable strategies and resources management represents a fundamental approach towards environmental preservation and efficient utilization of natural and processed resources on the Globe. Ecological materials, characterized by minimal environmental footprint, recyclability, and renewability, enable implementation of circular economy principles in construction, industry, and everyday life. Their use contributes to reducing pollution, lowering energy consumption in production processes, and extending the lifecycle of products through reuse and recycling. This paper analyzes key aspects of the reuse of materials, with a focus on management strategies that ensure sustainable ecology material flows within economic systems. In particular, the role of management in designing policies that promote the transition from linear to circular models is emphasized. Sustainable strategies must include life cycle assessment (LCA) and eco-design to minimize negative impacts on ecosystems while maintaining economic competitiveness. Moreover, the selection of ecological materials affects the quality of life and health of the population, aligning environmental and social objectives with economic development goals. The results of the analysis conducted in this paper indicates that successful integration of ecological materials into resources management requires cooperation of researchers, producers, consumers, and policymakers, as well as education that raises awareness about environmental protection and responsible material use. Implementing these approaches contributes to building a resilient society based on sustainability, circular economy, and optimal resources management.

C-HIL SIMULATION OF HOME PV SYSTEM

2025-12-28T16:41:56+01:00

The widespread deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems in urban areas poses new challenges for integration into the low-voltage grid, operation under variable meteorological conditions, and the impact of local disturbances. Research using Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulations, especially techniques with physically present controllers (Controller Hardware-in-the Loop - C-HIL), represents a powerful environment for testing and validating power electronics-based converter control strategies in real-world conditions without the risks and costs associated with field experiments. This paper presents the application of C-HIL simulation to analyze and optimize the operation of a home PV system integrated into an urban distribution grid. The conducted case studies address operational scenarios such as rapid changes in solar radiation, load fluctuations, and voltage disturbances, demonstrating the effectiveness of the C-HIL platform for assessing dynamic performance, voltage quality, and stability. The results confirm that C-HIL simulation can provide useful insights for the design of PV systems aimed at the safe and widespread deployment of distributed renewable energy sources in urban networks.

ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND OF THE CITY OF TREBINJE USING REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS

2025-12-28T16:49:09+01:00

The phenomenon of urban heat islands is becoming increasingly pronounced and is one of the main reasons for the increase in air temperature in cities. The thermal regime of urban areas is different from peri-urban and rural areas, and is reflected in faster daytime heating and slower nighttime cooling. There are two main approaches to the study of urban heat islands - direct measurements of air temperature in the field and readings of temperatures from remote sensing products. The paper will analyze remote sensing products from the Landsat 8 satellite in order to determine differences in thermal characteristics of specific types of land use in the territory of the city of Trebinje. For the purposes of the analysis, a buffer zone was defined within a radius of 10 km from the central point of the city (geographical coordinates: 42.7112° N, 18.3436° E), which enabled the inclusion of urban, rural and natural areas. A total of 12 satellite images were collected and a time frame covering the summer months of 2024 (June 1 to August 31) was used. Given the sensitivity of thermal data to the presence of clouds, a cloud filter (CLOUD_COVER < 20%) was applied to ensure the quality of the input data. Additionally, a cloud mask and cloud shadows were implemented using the QA_PIXEL layer to remove contaminated pixels. The research results show that built-up areas have higher temperatures compared to other land use classes by more than 2°C. All analyses were conducted using open source software packages. The research results can be useful for various sectors such as public health, spatial planning, energy, water management, forestry and similar areas. In addition, the research results may contribute to future detailed studies aimed at defining local climate zones and thermal variations within them.

HOT EXTREMES ARE INCREASING IN THE CITIES OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2025-12-28T16:56:45+01:00

The study addresses the issue of increasing hot extremes in selected cities of Bosnia and Herzegovina ‒ Banjaluka, Sarajevo, and Mostar. Significant trends were determined for all six analyzed temperature indices ‒ warm days (2.8‒3.4% per decade), warm nights (2.5‒4.3% per decade), tropical days (5.8‒7.3 days per decade), extremely hot days (0.4‒3.1 days per decade), tropical nights (0.2‒6.6 days per decade), and warm spell duration index (6.0‒7.4 days per decade). Furthermore, significant changes were observed between the last two standard climatological periods (1961–1990 and 1991–2020), indicating an increase in the average values of the indices and a shift of their distributions towards higher values. The observed changes have a substantial impact on outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas.

ENVIRONMENT AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

2025-12-28T17:03:48+01:00

According to Ember (2024), over 40% of global electricity was generated from clean sources, with solar power as the fastest growing and most significant new energy contributor. This paper explores the link between the materials used in solar power systems and their environmental impact, within the framework of the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans 2050.
Through a life cycle analysis of photovoltaic (PV) systems, key materials (silicon, glass, aluminum, copper, lithium, polymers) are assessed for their recyclability and ecological impact, compared to fossil fuel sources. Special focus is placed on the environmental advantages of decentralized solar systems - such as air quality preservation, transmission efficiency, and reduced land degradation- relative to conventional infrastructure.
The paper emphasizes the role of circular economy principles in managing solar panel waste, advocating for robust take-back and recycling programs. When properly designed and located outside sensitive habitats, solar energy is arguably the most sustainable form of electricity production in the 21st century.
The conclusion highlights the importance of sustainable material use in achieving energy and climate goals, urging Western Balkan countries to accelerate the adoption of renewable energy technologies and align with EU environmental policies.