In the Shadow of Digital Exploitation: Regulating AI-CSAM within International and European Union Legal Frameworks

Abstract

The advancement of AI and deepfake technology challenges cybercrime frameworks through the emergence of AI-generated child sexual abuse material (AI-CSAM). Employing a legal-doctrinal approach, this study analyzes UN standards, the Budapest and Lanzarote Conventions, and EU frameworks. The research demonstrates that criminal law protection remains justified without identifiable victims, as banning synthetic content abstractly protects children’s collective sexual integrity. While the EU pursues a three-pronged legislative strategy, various international declarations have emerged in response. The study concludes that from a legal perspective, effective child protection requires a shift toward systemic prevention, harmonizing global regulations with strict tech developer accountability.