GODIŠNJAK FAKULTETA PRAVNIH NAUKA

Peace Building in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Problems and Dilemmas

Miodrag Simović, Azra Adžajlić-Dedović — Mon, 21 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Soldiers and civilian victims of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been living in peace more than 25 years, unlike irresponsible political leaders for whom “war-mongering rhetorics” is the most important mechanism for achieving electoral victories. In addition to inciting “new wars”,”separatism” and “denial of war crimes” through hate speech, by spreading “false news” and “untruths” in public space through the media. Irresponsible policies “intimidating their people”, produce a society of fear and prevent building of lasting peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina through development of democracy and the rule of law. In addition, by acting in this way, with the help of corruption, irresponsible policies produce “legal anarchy” and “undermine the rule of law”. In this paper the authors intend to present some ways of endangering peace and the rule of law in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They argue that post-War peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina relies on a wide array of international actors with diverse interests and mandates which are not necessarily aligned with local realities or needs.

L’évolution du concept de la protection des droits fondamentaux dans l’ordre juridique communautaire

Jelena Ćeranić Perišić — Mon, 21 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Les pères fondateurs des Communautés européenne estimaient qu’il n’était pas nécessaire d’inclure dans les traites fondateurs les dispositions sur la protection des droits fondamentaux, principalement en raison de la vocation économique du processus d’intégration européenne. Néanmoins, il est apparu rapidement que même dans le domaine des compétences transférées, pourtant essentiellement économiques, la question de la protection des droits fondamentaux se posait. La protection des droits fondamentaux dans l’ordre juridique communautaire est le résultat de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice. La Cour a établi un corpus des droits fondamentaux qu’elle garantit en se référant aux principes généraux du droit et aux traités internationaux, comme sources d’inspiration. Cet article suit chronologiquement l’évolution de concept de protection des droits fondamentaux dans l’ordre juridique communautaire, en le présentant en quatre étapes. D’abord, l’article aborde la contribution de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice au développement du concept de protection des droits fondamentaux dans l’ordre juridique communautaire. Ensuite, il présente la contribution des amendements apportés par les traités de Maastricht, Amsterdam et Nice au protection des droits fondamentaux. L’attention particulière est consacrée à la Charte des droit fondamentaux. L’article aussi analyse les défis de l’adhésion de l’Union européenne à la Convention européenne des droit de l’homme et des liberté fondamentales. Finalement, il présente le system actuel de la protection des droit fondamentaux, établit par le traité de Lisbonne, qui repose sur trois piliers de protection des droits fondamentaux dans l’Union européenne.

Significance and Role of Control Bodies in the Banking System of the Republic of Srpska

Zorica Drljača, Stevo Škrbić — Mon, 21 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The establishment of open financial markets and the provision of financial services outside national borders determined the establishment of international standards in certain segments of banking operations and the obligation to adapt national banking regulations to the requirements of removing administrative restrictions on the freedom of movement of capital and establishing mechanisms that will ensure the safety and stability of the banking system. The aforementioned requirements determined the regulation of the banking system in market-oriented countries and countries that were undergoing or are still in the process of transition. In order to preserve the stability of the banking system, prudential control is particularly important, as one of the basic elements of security regulation, which aims to ensure the stability and security of the banking system, reduce the possibility of risk in the operations of financial organizations that make up the structure of the banking system, and provide appropriate protection to investors and users of banking services. In this sense, a special accent in the regulation of modern banking systems was emphasized in the establishment of a supervisor for the banking system, who directs and improves the work of banks, controls the legality of work and maintains the prescribed standards in work, the establishment of institutional control, which is realized in a combination of the system of internal control and internal audit and, extra-institutional control, which is recognized as external audit. The aim of this work is to investigate the importance and role of control bodies in the banking system of the Republic of Srpska, which operate according to the methodology of the supervision of the banking system, which is entrusted to the Banking Agency of the Republic of Srpska, the control bodies of the bank and the non-institutional control of the financial operations of financial organizations in the structure of the banking system, which is performed by an external auditor.

System of Alternative Measures and Misdemeanour Sanctions in Juvenile Misdemeanour Legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Countries of the Region

Ljubinko Mitrović, Jelena Baričanin — Mon, 21 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Misdemeanour sanctions in Bosnia and Herzegovina represent state, coercive measures of a repressive-preventive nature, by which the offenders, under the conditions stipulated in offense regulations, are limited or deprived of certain rights or freedoms, based on the decision of the competent court, i.e. the authorized body, made in a lawfully implemented misdemeanour procedure. On the other hand, almost all modern penal, criminal and misdemeanour legislation provides for one or more parapenal, alternative measures, i.e. penal sanctions that are carried out under the auspices of the social community, such as compensation for property damage to the injured party, mediation or settlement of the perpetrator and the injured party, financial settlement, bail, subjecting the offender to treatment of a criminal offense or misdemeanour or sending him to training, i.e. attending training, police supervision of the offender, banning the offender of a criminal or misdemeanour from accessing a certain place or person, community service by the offender, work for the benefit of the community, monitory fines (which in a series of positive criminal legislation appears as a substitute for prison sentences as the most severe punishment), confiscation of a driver’s license, or educational recommendations, or educational orders, etc. In this paper, the authors deal with the juvenile misdemeanour legislation, primarily that of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and then with the juvenile misdemeanour legislation of individual countries of the region, and in the context of alternative measures and misdemeanour sanctions prescribed in these legislations against juvenile offenders.

Reform of Criminal Procedure Legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Expectations, Reality and Perspectives

Marina Simović, Sadmir Karović — Mon, 21 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper, the attention is focused on the efficiency of the criminal procedure, with a special focus on the efficiency of the criminal process entities in terms of elucidating and solving a specific criminal matter. In connection with the above, the authors recognized and identified the key procedural problems related to the timely, efficient and legal detection and proof of the criminal act and guilt. Given that a significant period of time has passed since the last general reform of the criminal procedure legislation, sufficient for a critical analysis, a critical review of all phases of the criminal procedure was carried out with the intention of actualizing and problematizing certain legal solutions of a procedural nature (detective activity, investigation concept, standards evidence, evidentiary role of the prosecutor, drawing up/filing of the indictment, complexity of discovery and proof, etc.) on which the efficient and legal conduct and finalization of criminal proceedings directly depend. Also, modern forms of criminality, especially specific forms of organized crime, demand from the legislator the adequacy of the legal norm in terms of achieving a legitimate legal goal related to the effective and energetic fight against crime as a complex social phenomenon and achieving adequate results of criminal justice.

The Death Penalty in the XXI Century

Tamara Marić — Mon, 21 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0200

In relation to imprisonment and fines, which occupy a central place in most modern systems of criminal sanctions, there are still deep cross-sectional opinions of legal theorists and public opinion on the justification of the existence of the death penalty. Although in the last few decades it has been deleted from the punishment system in a large number of countries, at the same time the death penalty still exists in the criminal legislation of countries around the world. What do the latest statistics say about the number of death sentences carried out at the world level, how does the death penalty exist in criminal legislation where it exists and for which crimes it can be imposed, on the basis of which legal mechanisms it was abolished where it no longer exists, what are the arguments legal theorists who are still advocating for the abolition of this punishment and what are the justifications of its advocates, what forms of execution exist today, these are all questions whose answers will be addressed within the topic of this report.

The Proportionality Test in the Function of Transforming the European Union Citizenship From the Derivative to the Basic Status

Radmila Dragišić, Boris Tučić — Mon, 21 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The proportionality test is a test that the Court of Justice of the European Union uses to affect courts of the Member States to assess on an individual level whether national regulations which, under certain circumstances, foresee the withdrawal of nationality of natural persons disproportionately impacts their or the normal development of their families or has such impact on their professional lives. By determining this test, the Court of Justice of the European Union made the matter of the withdrawal of nationality of the Member State, due to its nature and its consequences, to become the matter of the European Union law. This paper examines the intensity in the development of the proportionality test by using the structural-functional, comparative, and cause and effect analyses in considering the cases Rottman, Tjebbes and Landesregierung. The research shows that this test contributes to the expansion of the influence of the European organisation on national regulations in the field of nationality and thus to the transformation of the European Union citizenship from a derivative to a basic status.