SPORTS SCIENCE AND HEALTH

An Examination of an 8-Week Online Activity-Specific Skills Program to BMI of Local College Students

2024-01-04T11:45:55+01:00

Requiring college students to participate in basic resistance training movement patterns and locomotor and non-locomotor exercises has decreased and improved BMI. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the online activity-specific skills program to college students’ BMI. This study has employed an experimental research design in which the students undergo a series of activity-specific skills for eight consecutive weeks. Demographic characteristics such as gender, BMI (pre- and post-test), and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire are all included. Independent Sample T-Test was utilized to determine the significant difference based on the post-test scores of the participants concerning gender. Lastly, the Paired samples T-test was executed to the significant difference in the pre-and-test scores of the participants. It was found that no significant difference was observed in the pre-test scores of the participants; lastly, after performing the Paired samples t-test, it was found that there was no significant difference observed between the pre-and post-test score of the participants after performing a series of activity-specific skills activities for eight weeks. Students’ body mass indexes were not affected by the movement patterns taught in PE 1, which included locomotor, non-locomotor, and basic resistance training. The results of this study may encourage teachers to reevaluate the efficacy of the existing physical education practices or to look for alternatives that have better potential to reduce students’ BMI. Since the study’s findings are inconclusive, more research with a larger sample size is required to establish the reliability of the claims presented herein.

Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Improvement Via Tabata Workout: A 10-Week Repetition Program

2024-01-04T11:58:52+01:00

Published scholarly works have accentuated the effectiveness of the TABATA workout for college students. However, no studies were conducted on college students in the context of higher education institutions in the Philippines. Ergo, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the TABATA workout for college students. Lastly, it aimed to investigate if such a method may help to improve participants’ Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference. This investigation employed an experimental approach to assessing the effectiveness of TABATA training for college students. Moreover, students underwent a 10-week-long workout in repetition. The first part is focused on collecting participants’ demographic characteristics such as sex, age, BMI (pre- and post-test), and WC (pre- and post-test). In the second part, the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire was used. Paired samples t-test was also used to determine the significant variance after 10-weeks based on participants’ BMI and WC scores After the 10-week exercise performed by the participants in general, it was found that there is a reduction and improvement on participants’ BMI. Additionally, an improvement in participants’ WC. However, based on sex, no significant variance in males’ BMI. Fascinatingly, an improvement was observed in the WC of both sexes. Based on the findings, participating in the TABATA program is effective and may partially improve students’ BMI and enhance WC. This study did not take into account other factors which may also affect the result of this study. Therefore, comparable experiments may be conducted while taking into account other variables aforementioned to this study’s limitation.

How Does Circuit Plank Exercise Affect Arm Muscle Strength and Archery Accuracy

2024-01-04T12:04:44+01:00

Circuit plank training is expected to improve archery accuracy supported by the dominant component in archery. This research was an experiment using a one-group pretest-postest design that provided circuit plank training activities in as many as 18 meetings and was carried out three times a week. The study populations were 22 athletes in Yogyakarta, which were then filtered again to take 12 athletes as the study sample using purposive sampling techniques with the criteria of male athletes aged 16-18 years. The instrument of this study included the holding bow digit test and archery distance of 40 meters. The analytical techniques used were normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests. The hypothesis testing used a T-test, a statistical analysis technique that can be used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the two mean samples. The analysis of the arm muscle strength data resulted in a t-count value of (41,894) > t table (1.80) and a p-value of (0.000) < 0.05. Meanwhile, the archery accuracy analysis obtained a t-count value of (34,019) > t-table (1.80), and a p-value of (0.000) < 0.05. The results of the two t-tests showed that the t-count value > t-table showed an increase after being given treatment. There was an increase in the strength and accuracy of archery athletes after having circuit plank training and increased endurance component of the arm muscles.

Identifying and Diagnosing the Gap in Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques Scale in Managing High-Performance Sports Organizations

2024-01-04T12:11:23+01:00

This study seeks to evaluate the technician in the Department of Sports and School Activity in the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Al-Rusafa II, according to the requirements of the standard of artificial intelligence techniques in order to diagnose and identify the gap between the technical performance of this section with the requirements of the standard, identify the causes of the gap and propose effective solutions for it. The checklist was used to collect data and information according to the scale of artificial intelligence technologies with five axes (expert systems, virtual reality, smart agents, information technologies, and process automation). The Department of Sports and School Activity in the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Al-Rusafa II (case study) have a clear perception of the importance of the measure of artificial intelligence techniques, but the absence of financial and technical capabilities prevents the adoption of this measure in the management of the department, in addition to the lack of management of the department of an administrative unit to follow up the functional work And technology and studying the causes of deviation and the procedures to be followed for the purpose of controlling all factors affecting artificial intelligence techniques, and by examining the results of this study obtained from the checklists, it can be indicated that there are weaknesses in all the requirements that must be available in the sports and school activity section and according to the requirements of the intelligence techniques scale With regard to the axis of expert systems and the axis of smart agents, the percentage of matching dolls was (0%) and the gap for non-conformity amounted to (1). As for the axis of virtual impact, it is not less important than them, as the amount of the gap amounted to (0.9), but the amount of the gap for the axes of information technology and process automation is (0.3), which indicates that the Department of Sports and School Activity applies in its work to most of the paragraphs of these two axes to the requirements of the scale of artificial intelligence technologies.

Motor abilities of students with specific learning disabilities and a student of regular development

2024-01-04T12:28:15+01:00

The timely development of motor abilities contributes to the overall development of students, but due to various potential problems, there are often deviations that can affect the quality of daily movement. The aim of the research was to assess the motor abilities of primary education students, and to determine significant differences in individual motor abilities with regard to the existence of a particular learning difficulty or not. The research was conducted on a sample of 101 students (47 students aged 9 years ± 6 months and 54 students aged 10 years ± 6 months). Standardized tests were applied to assess motor abilities: repetitive strength, coordination, speed, explosive power of jumping, agility, flexibility and balance. The basic descriptive indicators were calculated, and the t-test for independent samples was used to determine the significance of differences in motor abilities with regard to the existence of specific learning difficulties. Results: Of the total sample, 75.25% were students without learning disabilities, and 24.75% with specific learning disabilities. Students with no established learning difficulties achieved significantly better results in the variables that assess flexibility (AS1=60.43±18.90 vs.AS2=52.59±12.93; t=1.99; p=0.05 ), balance (AS1=114.51±107.29 vs. AS2=68.04±75.62; t=2.07; p=0.04), explosive jumping power (AS1=147.09±23.24 vs. AS2=134.15±20.17; t=2.57; p=0.01) and coordination (AS1=20.11±8.78 vs. AS2=26.97±11.84; t=-3.17; p=0.00) from students with specific learning difficulties. Conclusion: Students with specific learning difficulties have less developed individual motor abilities than students with normal development, which encourages thinking about whether it is necessary to adjust the evaluation criteria to their abilities.

Quality of Life and Physical Conditioning in Women

2024-01-04T12:35:34+01:00

The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the level of quality of life and physical conditioning between women who are engaged in some form of recreational exercise and women who do not have organized physical exercise. The study involved 60 women of 25 to 45 years old divided into a group engaged in recreational exercise at least a year (30) and a group of non-exercisers (30). A quality of life questionnaire was used to examine the attitudes about the level of quality of life, while a battery of diagnostic tests in the level of physical fitness was assessed. T-test for independent samples was used to compare the two groups. The results showed statistically significant differences in favor of exercisers when it comes to the expression of overall quality of life, as well as the dimensions of mental and physical health and environmental impact. Observing physical performance, women who actively exercise showed a higher degree of physical fitness compared to physically inactive respondents. Therefore, it can be concluded that physical activity has a positive effect on improving quality of life and physical conditioning in women who are engaged in some form of recreational activity.

Relationship between physical fitness and lifestyle of early school-aged boys and girls

2024-01-04T12:47:01+01:00

Monitoring physical fitness is a strong indicator of health status in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. School provides an ideal environment to assess and monitor the level of physical fitness in children. The research aims to determine the correlation between the physical fitness of early school-aged children (6 to 10 years old) and their lifestyle, particularly the time spent in physical activity. The study was conducted on a sample of 940 participants aged 6 to 10, randomly selected from several primary schools in the Skopje region. The sample was divided into two subgroups by gender, consisting of 466 male participants and 474 female participants. Differences between groups were determined through one-factor multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA) with age partialization. The results of this research show a correlation among male participants who engaged in more than 60 minutes of daily physical activity and tests assessing physical fitness (motor skills). For girls, self-reported physical activity was only associated with results on the 20-meter progressive shuttle run test.

Technical Skills Assessment Analysis: Gyaku-Zuki Shots in Karate

2024-01-04T13:18:15+01:00

The assessment of sport-specific technical skills is very important and studies on assessment frameworks in sports science are still limited. The Gyaku-zuki is one of the most frequently performed effective punches in Karate, and a set of assessments of its technical skills currently does not exist. Therefore, the establishment of a scoring framework is necessary to provide a standard for measuring athletes’ technical skills. This study aims to develop a framework for assessing Gyaku-zuki technique skills that have a high level of validity. This development research was carried out by carrying out three stages of implementation; analysis of existing journals and documents to determine Gyaku-zuki’s technical skills assessment, expert judges’ assessment of the development of Gyaku-zuki’s technical skills assessment using the Delphi method, and analysis of the results of expert judges’ assessment by applying Aiken’s V to test content validity. This study involved nine expert judges from both academics and practitioners and data analysis showed the relevance of this technical skills assessment material had a coefficient of V 0.96; the systematics of the material relevance assessment procedure has a coefficient value of V 0.93; Gyaku-zuki target direction has a coefficient value of V 0.93; the Gyaku-zuki test score has a coefficient value of V 0.81; distance has a coefficient value of V 0.89; clarity of implementation has a coefficient value of V 0.89. The study concluded that the construction of the Gyaku-zuki technical skill assessment has high content validity with a value of V > 0.8, so that the established framework can be used as a reference in conducting the Gyaku-zuki technical skills assessment.

The Effectiveness of Massage to Increase the Work Productivity of Persons With Disabilities

2024-01-04T14:25:17+01:00

The development of human resources starts from the womb even earlier by paying attention to the level of welfare of expectant mothers, then babies, toddlers, preschool and school age, youth, productive age to old age. The research aims to test and find out the effectiveness of this type of health massage in increasing work productivity which consists of motivation, knowledge, skills, attitudes and independence for people with disabilities with physical disabilities. This study used a quasi-experimental research method with a one group time series design (pretest one post test). The design carried out the first observation (pretest) after that the posttest observation. The treatment group was measured by giving a type of massage therapy to the work productivity of the disabled with physical disabilities which would be known to consist of five (5) influencing factors, namely: (1) motivation, (2) knowledge, (3) skills, (4) attitudes and ( 5) independence. The research sample was taken from the existing population using a non-random sampling technique with a purposive sampling method. Data collection is obtained through tests and measurements. The test instrument used to measure work productivity uses a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is analysis of variance. The research results show that there is a significant difference between the initial variable and the final variable with a significance value (2-tailed) <0.05 through paired t-test. Meanwhile, through the ANOVA test results obtained a significance of 0.267. So that it can be interpreted that there is a significant influence on the treatment given with health massage on work productivity variables consisting of motivation, knowledge, skills, attitudes and independence for people with disabilities with physical disabilities. The increase in work productivity that has experienced the greatest or most effective increase is in the motivational variable with a percentage increase of 16.75%.

The Relationship Between Students’ Nutritional Status and Their Physical Activity

2024-01-04T14:32:04+01:00

The research was carried out on a sample of 1000 (500 male and 500 female) students randomly selected from several faculties within the AAB College in Pristina, Kosovo. Respondents were treated in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. For the assessment of physical activity, the international questionnaire (InternationalPhysical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ). To assess the state of nutrition, morphological parameters were applied: body height, body weight and body mass index. Descriptive analysis, non-parametric technique of difference within the group as well as regression analysis were applied to process the results.
The obtained results show that the average height of the student population is Mean = 174.74±8.6; body weight, mean= 70.88±12.7; body mass index, Mean = 23.1±3.3. The prevalence of overweight is 26.1%, while obesity is 2.8%. The results obtained are almost the same as the countries in the region. The survey for the assessment of physical activity indicates an insufficient involvement of students in physical activities that corresponds to the prevalence of overweight. When asked how much time you usually spend sitting during a working day, the prevalence of 2-7 hours is 84.6%. Regression analysis shows a correlation between inactivity during the day and body mass index.
The data show a trend towards increasing obesity in the student population and this is an extremely powerful reason for: the Ministry of Youth, Culture and Sports, for the Ministry of Education, for Universities and Colleges, tocreate conditions for the highest possible participation of students in sports and recreational activities.

The relationship between the quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness

2024-01-04T14:40:59+01:00

Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical fitness have a negative impact on the health of children and adolescents. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between the quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness in elementary school students. The study involved 651 4th grade elementary school students in the Republic of Croatia. The average age of the students was 10.38 ± 0.50 years. Their body height was measured with a height metre (Seca® 213, Hamburg, Germany) and body mass, body mass index (BMI), and adipose tissue (%) with a dual-frequency body composition analyser (TANITA DC -360P). Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a multistage 20-metre run test (20MSRT Shuttle Run Test). The quality of life was assessed by a questionnaire for children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years (KIDSCREEN-10). The results show that students perceived their quality of life as relatively high (4.33) and that the values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were 45.16 mL/kg/min. The results of a simple regression analysis show that there is a statistically significant relationship (p=0.00) between the quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness in elementary school students. The results obtained in this research should serve as a stimulus for future researches concerning the relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and quality of life. Raising the level of cardiorespiratory fitness together with a healthy diet should encourage the development of intervention school programs which would considerably improve the overall health of children and adolescents.

Theraband Exercise Program: Effective to Improve the Muscle Fitness of the Elderly

2024-01-04T14:53:14+01:00

Physical activity in the elderly is still primarily focused on cardiorespiratory exercise, with less emphasis placed on muscle fitness. Thus, exercises to promote muscular fitness are required. As a result, in the Covid-19 era, a fun fitness concept was developed to improve muscle fitness. The development process, however, must include validation and effectiveness testing. The research aims were to (1) examine the content’s validity and (2) examine the effectiveness of the fun fitness training model. The development of a quantitative and qualitative approach was the research method used. Seven experts took part in the study, including five licenced fitness instructors and two sports academics. The effectiveness test included 30 elderly men and women aged 60 years and weighing 60-80 kg. A 1-4 Likert scale questionnaire, hand grip dynamometer, and leg dynamometer were used as research instruments. SPSS and Excel software was used to help with the Aiken formula data analysis technique and the paired samples t-test. The research was divided into four stages: (1) Developing models through the qualitative analysis of books and e-books; (2) evaluating the model quantitatively using the Delphi method; (3) Examining the findings of the evaluation of seven specialists; and (4) Conducting tests to assess the results. The 12 models were deemed realistic based on the seven experts’ collective qualitative findings. According to quantitative findings, the value coefficients for the material’s suitability, depth, and practicality range from V 0.76 to V 0.80. A significance value of 0.000<0.05 indicates that the findings of testing the effectiveness of the fun fitness model can significantly improve the strength of the arm and leg muscles. In conclusion, the fun fitness training model shows high content validity and has the potential to improve elderly muscle fitness.

Using Intermittent Exercises in Training to Enhance Maximum Aerobic Speed and Power in U-19 Football Players

2024-01-04T15:01:04+01:00

In the present research, various forms of interval exercises, including short, medium, and long intervals, were incorporated into a prescribed training regimen to assess their impact on the development of specific physical attributes, namely Maximum Aerobic Speed and Speed-Related Strength, in football players under the age of 19. This study employed an experimental method with a single-group design, involving a sample of 14 players from IRB SEDRATA. To this aim, pre-tests, including the YO-YO Endurance Intermittent Test Level 2 and a hop test spanning a 10-meter distance for both legs were conducted. Subsequently, the proposed training program was administered, culminating in post-tests to gauge the program’s effectiveness, employing appropriate statistical methods. In conclusion, the results indicate that the proposed training program has a positive impact on enhancing Maximum Aerobic Speed and Speed-Related Strength among the sampled players.

Analysis of the Physical Conditions of Indonesian Beach Volleyball Players in 2022

2024-01-04T16:02:21+01:00

This research is preliminary research which aims to determine the results of the dominant physical condition components in beach volleyball athletes. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The sampling technique used was purpose sampling. A sample of 12 volleyball players was obtained which was divided into two subsamples, namely 6 men and 6 women. The instruments used are the push up test, vertical jump, and bleep test. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis expressed in percentage form. with results (1) The arm muscle endurance of men’s beach volleyball athletes at Pelatnas in 2021 is in the “Adequate” category at 66.67% (4 athletes), while female athletes are in the “Adequate” category at 66.67% (4 athletes) . (2) The cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 Max) of the 2021 National Pelatnas men’s beach volleyball athletes is in the “Adequate” category at 50.00% (3 athletes), while the female athletes are in the “Adequate” category at 50.00% (3 athlete). (3) The leg muscle strength of male beach volleyball athletes at Pelatnas in 2021 is in the “Good” category at 50.00% (3 athletes), while the female athletes are in the “Poor” category at 33.33% (2 athletes), “Fair ” by 33.33% (2 athletes), “Good” by 33.33% (2 athletes). From these dominant components, it can be concluded that Indonesian sand volleyball players have less than optimal results, so it is necessary to vary the training program by the coach.

Differences Between Professional and Recreational Athletes in Psychological Characteristics And Habits During the Covd-19 Pandemic

2024-01-04T16:14:15+01:00

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating differences between recreational and professional athletes in perfectionism, distress, coping strategies, and changes in sports activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in the study consisted of a sample of 389 professional and recreational athletes. The results of the conducted analysis indicate the existence of certain differences between the two considered groups. On average, professional athletes score higher on the perfectionism scale than recreational athletes (t=-2,92, p<,01). Also, professional athletes were on average more likely to use relaxation techniques before (t=-8,30, p<,01) and during lockdown (t=-6,20, p<,01) compared to recreational athletes. Furthermore, professional athletes estimated that on average they missed training (t=-6,52, p<,01) and sports performances more (t=-11,30; p<,01) compared to recreational athletes. On average, professional athletes report a significantly larger reduction in training compared to recreational athletes (t=4,23, p<,01). Considering our results, we think it would be beneficial to focus on this topic in future studies.

Relationship of Physical Activity With Obesity

2024-01-04T16:19:46+01:00

Physical activity is one way to prevent obesity in the community. Physical activity can be done by anyone, both people who live in urban and rural areas. Paying attention to the physical activity of people in rural areas can help avoid various kinds of diseases even that cause death. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and obesity seen based on body fat, visceral fat and body mass index. The research method used in this study is associative quantitative method with correlational study. Data collection was preceded by measurements of height, weight, and body fat then continued by filling out the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire. The hypothesis testing technique carried out in this study uses simple correlation statistical analysis techniques and multiple correlations followed by t-tests at a significant level of α = 0.05. The results showed: First, there was a meaningful relationship between physical activity and body fat of -0.751, second, there was a meaningful relationship between physical activity and visceral fat of -0.608, and third, there was a meaningful relationship between physical activity and body mass index of -0.72. Bottom Line: Moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity is associated with decreased body fat, visceral fat, and BMI. Light activity or sedentary activity can lead to excessive accumulation of fat which can lead to obesity. This occurred in both male and female genders in this study.

Age as an Indicator of Sports Success

2024-01-04T16:25:04+01:00

This paper examines the relationship between age and sports success, exploring whether age can serve as a reliable indicator of an athlete‘s performance and achievements in various sports disciplines. The findings and insights presented in this paper can be beneficial to several groups, including sports coaches, talent scouts, sports psychologists, and researchers in the field of sports science. By understanding the role of age in sports success, these professionals can make informed decisions regarding talent identification, athlete development, and performance optimization. The paper initially reviews existing literature on the topic, analyzing studies that have explored the relationship between age and sports performance. It discusses both physiological and psychological factors that can influence an athlete‘s success at different stages of their career. Additionally, it examines the impact of age-related changes, such as declining physical abilities and increased injury risks, on an athlete‘s performance and longevity in sports. To improve this paper, several changes can be implemented. First, expanding the number of references and citations will enhance the paper‘s credibility and provide a broader perspective on the topic. By incorporating studies from different researchers and sources, the paper can present a comprehensive analysis of age as an indicator of sports success. Additionally, the paper can benefit from including more empirical research, moving beyond a review paper to incorporate original studies and data analysis. This would strengthen the paper‘s argument and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field. For other authors writing on the same topic, it is recommended to focus on the following areas for improvement. Firstly, ensuring a thorough review of the literature, covering relevant studies and research papers, will enhance the depth and breadth of the paper. Secondly, conducting original research or including empirical studies will contribute to the scientific understanding of age and sports success. This can involve collecting data from different sports disciplines, analyzing performance metrics, and evaluating the impact of age-related factors on athlete outcomes. So, this paper investigates the relationship between age and sports success, providing insights that can assist various stakeholders in the sports industry.