SPORTS SCIENCE AND HEALTH

Biomarkers of Muscle Damage and Physical Performance After Soccer Matches for Women’s Soccer Teams

Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Soccer is the most famous sport in the world. Soccer is a sport with moderate to high intensity, which can cause physical and physiological fatigue in soccer athletes. Limited recovery time can also increase muscle tissue damage. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the time interval for performance recovery in female amateur soccer athletes as measured by checking physical performance and through biomarkers after a soccer match. Quantitative research is used. The type of experimental research is pre-experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Sampling in this study used an accidental sampling technique. The respondents were 20 female soccer athletes who competed in the u17 women’s soccer competition. The variables examined in the research included vertical jump, CPK, LDH, and Il-6. Examinations are carried out before the match, immediately after the match, 24 hours after, and 48 hours after. Next, the results were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and post-hoc follow-up tests via the SPSS application. Doing soccer can reduce physical performance and increase CPK, LDH, and IL-6 levels due to fatigue. Fatigue peaks significantly after 24 hours after the match. However, 48 hours after the match, the fatigue gradually disappeared and decreased. Based on this research, female athletes’ soccer matches must be accompanied by a sufficient recovery time of at least 48 hours to avoid muscle damage and an increased decline in muscle performance.

Development of Basic Skills Test Instrument for Maegeri Based on CGFU-PM 515

Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Play activities are necessary in training children in karate to change the image that karate is a tough sport. The concept of Coaching Game for Upgrading Performance Model 515 (CGFU PM-515) is very relevant for training children because with this concept children think that they are playing but actually the child is practicing karate techniques. The importance of conducting research to develop a CGFU-PM 515-based maegeri basic technique skill test instrument consisting of skill, soft skill, and performance assessment elements because there has been no previous research related to the preparation of these instruments. This research is development research, conducted with quantitative and qualitative approaches. This research was conducted in three stages, the first was by conducting a literature review, the second was by conducting validity and reliability tests, and the third was validity data analysis using the V-Aiken formulation and reliability testing with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Based on the results of the validity test and reliability test of the maegeri basic technical skill test instrument has a high level of validity and has a good level of reliability, the results of the validity test results using V-Aiken obtained the results of 0.99 and the reliability test using the intraclass correlation coefficient test showed a score of 0.801. Thus, the CGFU-PM 515-based maegeri basic technical skill test instrument which includes three aspects, namely soft skills, skills, and performance can be used.

Differences in the Exertion of Force Produced on a Surface of the Dominant and Non-Dominant Leg in Basketball Players of Different Competition Levels

Adi Palić, Nijaz Skender, Ademović Adnan, Iner Alić — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Basketball as a sports activity has evolved over its long history from an alternative game to a highly selective sport in which success is reserved exclusively for the most talented and capable individuals. The aim of the research was to examine the differences in the exertion of force produced on a surface for the dominant and non-dominant leg in basketball players of different levels of competition. The research was conducted on a sample of 33 subjects of senior age from three levels of basketball competition in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Exertion of the force exercised during the jump on a surface was obtained using the Gyko System and Opto Jump. The “Single leg jump” test procedure was used. It is concluded that 30-50% of the variables have a statistically significant difference, which partially indicates the existence of statistically significant differences in the exertion of force in the dominant and non-dominant leg. The biggest difference in the dominant and non-dominant leg was detected in subjects of the A1 League (3 out of 6 variables). The smallest difference was detected in the subjects of the A2 League (no statistically significant difference was detected in any variable). Subjects in the Premier League showed a difference in 2 of 6 variables (flight time and jump height). The results obtained indicate that regular practice with both legs, both in the game and in training, will help players become balanced and efficient in all aspects of the game. Based on these results, it is possible to construct test batteries that will provide quality information necessary for planning and programming in basketball.

The Effect of a Six-Month Training Process on the Anthropological Status of the Female Cadet Volleyball Players

Daliborka Stanković, Konstantinos Stratakis — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The aim of this study was to determine any potential differences in the changes of individual anthropometric characteristics and motor skills of female volleyball players from the DIF volleyball school, aged between 12-15 years, who were tested before and after a continuous six-month training process. The sample consisted of 50 female volleyball players from the DIF volleyball school, aged 12-15 years, who trained four times a week for 90 minutes per session. All subjects were tested before and after the six-month continuous training process. Anthropometric characteristics, such as body height, body mass, body fat percentage, muscle percentage, body mass index, and arm span measurement, were determined for all subjects. Motor skills were also evaluated, including hand grip strength, flexibility of the muscles of the back of the thigh, flexibility of the shoulder girdle, explosiveness of the shoulder girdle muscles, explosiveness of the leg muscles (high jump), and agility. The results showed a statistically significant difference in body height, BMI, arm span, hand grip strength, overhead stick rotation, sit and reach, and medicine ball throwing. One of the limitations of this study was the insufficient sample size. However, despite this limitation, the results can be considered as a significant initial basis for examining the relationship between anthropometric parameters and motor skills, which can contribute to the existing knowledge in this area. It is important to note that only well-dosed and organized physical activity can lead to improvement in the results of young athletes.

Effects of a School Physical Education Program on the Physical and Motor Development With Adolescents From Kosovo

Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Because adolescents spend most of their time studying and doing schoolwork, they do not have enough time to engage in physical activity; this lack of physical activity is an important public health concern. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how the physical education curriculum and programs affect the physical and motor development of adolescents in the Kosovo. The research was carried out on a sample of 386 male students, who participated in physical education classes that lasted 72 hours (45 minutes after 2 hours per week). In order to realize the objectives of the research, 7 anthropometric measures and 14 motor (fitness) tests were applied. Research results showed changes in all anthropometric measures and motor fitness tests between initial and final measurements. The results of the research showed that physical education programs can have a positive effect on motor development among middle school aged adolescents in the Kosovo.

Efficacy of 6 Weeks Pilates Training on Physical Parameters and Sports-Specific Skills of Volleyball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Usha Panihar, Parul Sagwal, Shabnam Joshi — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Volleyball is a game of high aerobic capacity, power, speed, agility, strength, flexibility, and jumping. Pilates exercise helps in improving muscle strength and flexibility thus providing a player with skills of jumping, high aerobic capacity, and better offense and defense capabilities. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Pilates exercises on various fitness parameters and volleyball sports-specific skills in volleyball players. University-level male volleyball players (n=30) aging between 18-25 years were included and randomly allocated into two groups i.e. control group (n=15) who performed only regular volleyball training, and the experimental group (n=15) who were given Pilates training in addition to their regular volleyball training 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The outcome measures: balance, upper and lower abdominal strength, agility, explosive power, and volleyball-specific skill tests, assessed at baseline and post-intervention.The results showed significant improvement within the control group for balance (In posterior reach and medial reach) and volleyball-specific skills (Brady’s test), but other parameters did not revealed any statistical significance difference. Whereas, in the experimental group, significant improvement was found for all tested parameters except balance in lateral, anterior, posterior, anterolateral, anteromedial, and posterolateral directions. Also, there existed a statistically significant difference between both the groups for all tested parameters (p≤0.05). The study concluded that Pilates training helps in improving physical parameters such as agility, explosive power, balance, upper and lower abdominal strength, and sports-specific skills of volleyball players.

Integration of Physical and Psychological Training of Wrestlers at the Stage of Preparation for the Elite Level

Assan Zholdasbay — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to introduce a system of methodological tools for the development of sambo athletes’ readiness to integrate physical and psychological training during professional growth as a guarantee of their ability to receive high awards. The study was conducted in two stages: theoretical (analysis, comparison, and systematisation of normative documents on the research problem, classification, generalisation of theoretical data) and practical (pedagogical observations; control exercises; psychological tests). During the study, the content of the concepts “training process of sambo athletes” and “integration of physical and psychological training” was determined; their signs and features were revealed; a methodology for the preparation of sambo athletes to integrate physical and psychological training at an elite level was developed and implemented. During the experimental study among sambo athletes who attended the sports school “Satpayev Kali” (Shamalgan), a methodological toolkit was developed to improve the readiness of sambo athletes to integrate physical and psychological training at an elite level, namely: the implementation of components and criteria of readiness with selected methods of their development. According to the results of the conducted research, promising areas for improving the methodology of the development of sambo athletes’ readiness for integration of physical and psychological training at an elite level by developing components and criteria of outlined readiness. The practical value of the study is the development of a methodological system for improving the training of sambo athletes at an elite level in Kazakhstan.

Internal domain as a developmental potential of the Fudokan karate

Jovica Dimić, Milan Nešić, Zlatko Ahmetović — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

In the sports domain karate gains popularity of enormous proportions. Judging by the massiveness criterion, it is ranked immediately behind football. However, this ranking is not in accordance with the appropriate organizational concept, that would have visible integrative feature. The problem of organizational and stylistic dissociation is transferred onto the national level, which causes the presence of a variety of competitive disciplines, the way of organization, an appropriate training approach, various interpretations of the basic karate principles etc. Although such situation may create, to some extent, an illusion of positive sides (the possibility of training selection, larger number of stylistic varieties for training relatively “different“ forms of karate etc.) which is reflected on the massiveness, in organizational and conceptual context (basically of one skill) makes the problems in creating an effective concept of karate management. In this respect, various concepts of karate organization can be noticed, based on stylistic determinations. One of the autonomous organizational karate forms is The World Fudokan Federation - WFF, with its national federations as integral and constituent parts. Its basic concept is oriented towards the fostering of the traditional approach to karate (traditional karate do), i.e. fostering the traditional karate principles, established by the founder of the modern karate Gichin Funakoshi. As the organization, which, conditionally speaking, is an ideological antipode to the so-called sports karate, it endeavors to affirm and preserve the basic karate values and adjust them to modern sports and social tendencies. In this respect, it faces numerous organizational, sports-political, conceptual and other problems, induced by the external environment, but may be overcome by the activities and tendencies generated within the internal domain of Fudokan Karate organization. Empirical research, carried out in the form of transversal study, was aimed at the identification of some facts of internal organizational domain of Fudokan, which may have positive impact on its development in the upcoming five-year-period, and are perceived by the main Fudokan karate holders (instructors and trainers). The respondent sample comprised 73 instructors/trainers as the main activity holders in the clubs. The research was in the form of a survey and the key research instrument was a questionnaire devised as an estimation scale. The results have proved that the greatest potential for Fudokan development in the future belongs to the factors of Internal domain – Organizational structure, Organizational culture and Organizational resources, with the high level of possible impact.

Korelacija povezanosti elemenata smisla za suradnju s loptom i uspjehom iz predmeta matematika: studija slučaja utakmice HNK Zadar

Josip Miočić, Zoran Erlić, Luka Androja — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Ovim istraživanjem ispituje se je li proces donošenja odluka vezanih uz smisao za suradnju s loptom u nogometu u korelaciji sa školskim uspjehom, u predmetu matematika kroz trenerske i učiteljske procjene ispitanikovih sposobnosti. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 18 nogometaša Hrvatskog nogometnog kluba Zadar, selekcija 2007. i 2008. godišta. Cilj istraživanja je uvidjeti kolika je korelacija ocjena iz nastavnog predmeta matematike i uspješnost donesenih odluka vezanih uz smisao za suradnju s loptom za vrijeme predmetnih utakmica. Navodi u istraživanju su analizirani i vrednovani u kontekstu stručnih kinezioloških preporuka i preporuka u području nogometa. Kako je cilj ovog istraživanja, utvrđivanje odnosa među varijablama, odnosno utvrđivanje statističke ovisnosti i pokazatelja jakosti takve ovisnosti, korištena je regresijska analiza, kojom se analitički izražava odnos među pojavama.

Management for Strengthening Literacy Learning Culture Physical Education In Secondary Schools in Indonesia

Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

This research explores the management of strengthening literacy culture in Physical Education (PE) 2013 Curriculum learning at Indonesia’s junior high school level, combines concurrent embedded model research, with quantitative methods as primary methods and qualitative methods as secondary methods. The quantitative research sample was 105 junior high school PE teacher respondents in eight provinces who represented descriptions of strengthening the literacy culture of PE learning in their respective schools. The qualitative sample consisted of 6 participants consisting of 2 principals, 3 curriculum representatives, and 1 senior middle school PE teacher. Quantitative data was taken using a 1-4 Likert scale questionnaire, while qualitative data was taken using semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data analysis uses descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS, while qualitative data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The quantitative research results show that planning to strengthen literacy culture in learning is included in the good category, with a score of 88.73%. This is supported by qualitative data, which states that the planning to strengthen the PE learning literacy culture has gone well. The implementation of strengthening literacy culture in learning is also in the good category, with a score of 87.08%. This is supported by qualitative data, which states that the implementation of strengthening PE learning literacy culture has been carried out and is going quite well. The assessment of strengthening literacy culture in learning is in a good category, with a score of 84.76%. This is supported by qualitative data, which states that the assessment of strengthening literacy culture in PE learning in the 2013 curriculum has gone well. Supporting factors for the implementation of strengthening literacy culture in PE learning in the 2013 curriculum from the aspects of planning, implementation, and assessment, namely: Availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure, a conducive learning atmosphere, the concept of implementing the 2013 curriculum, local government regulations that encourage school literacy movements, consistency of the head schools, the enthusiasm and skills of teaching staff, student motivation for literacy, as well as the implementation of comprehensive tests to measure student learning outcomes.

Changes in Some Anthropological Dimensions in Juniors in Dance Under the Influence of the Experimental Program

Velibor Srdić — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The research was conducted on a sample of 84 respondents - young dancers of both sexes aged 11-16 years with the aim of determining global quantitative changes in morphological characteristics, motor, and functional abilities under the influence of an experimental program in junior dance. The sample of respondents consisted of young dancers from Dance Club “Gemma” Banja Luka, Dance Club “City Jazz” Banja Luka, Dance Club “Bolero” Banja Luka and Dance Club “Orion” Pale. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, an experimental group (N = 44) with whom a three-month experimental program was implemented and a control group (N = 40) who trained according to a standard dance program. The research used 15 morphological variables, 8 motor variables, 7 functional variables and 1 variable used to assess the level of success in performing specific movement structures in dance so that together they form a battery of 31 measuring instruments. The results of multivariate discriminant analysis were used to determine the global quantitative changes of applied variables in subjects of the experimental and control groups in the initial and final measurements. The obtained results of the discriminant analysis in the final measurement indicate that the applied three-month experimental program consisting of a proprioceptive program (exercises on a balance board and exercises on a trampoline) and a program with a screw in junior dance caused statistically significant changes at the global level (p=0.000). The obtained research results can serve as a significant orientation in better programming, implementation, and management of the training process in dance with young dancers.

Differences in Certain Anthropological Indicators of Seventh-Grade Elementary School Female Students in Rural and Urban Areas

Daliborka Stanković, Konstantinos Stratakis — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The process of programming and implementing a system for monitoring the morphological characteristics and motor abilities of elementary school students is particularly important in physical education. However, a small number of studies have dealt with the effects of the subjects’ residential status on their morpho-motoric status. The aim of this study was to examine and determine the differences in certain anthropological indicators of seventh-grade elementary female students in urban and suburban areas in the territory of Lasithi, Crete. The study was conducted on a sample of 112 seventh-grade female students from four elementary schools (one from the urban and three from the rural part of Lasithi). The subjects were divided into two subsamples: urban and rural Lasithi from Crete, 56 girls each (urban = 56 subjects, rural = 56 subjects). The results of this study are significant, confirming the assumption that areal factors contributed to the difference in the morpho-motoric status of the subjects. Specifically, statistically significant differences were recorded in the variable body height, while in the variable body weight, such differences did not exist. Regarding motor variables, girls from rural areas were significantly better on two out of seven motor tests, while girls from urban areas were only better on one. No statistically significant differences were recorded on the other tests. Considering that this study was conducted on a relatively small sample of subjects (112) and a limited geographical area, the results obtained cannot be generalized.

Sprint characteristics and distance covered of female soccer players during the game

Eggy Nur Arfiansyah, Ahmad Nasrulloh — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The purpose of writing this review is to increase our understanding of the physical demands of women’s soccer matches, especially the differences in sprint ratio and cruising power during matches with higher standards of play and between playing positions. The systematic review was conducted by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. An electronic systematic search of databases (Elsevier, PubMed, and Sage Journals) was completed on February 21, 2024, with no date restrictions applied. Electronic database searches identified 292 articles. A total of 16 articles remained for analysis after removal of duplicates, and initial and full-text screening. Then the number of articles was screened through several stages concerning the planned inclusion criteria and 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results of the current study show based on playing standards, the population is divided into semi-professionals, professionals, domestic and international players, national teams, and student or college classes. The locations of the studies varied from the European zone (Denmark, Spain, and UEFA Standards), America, Asia-Oceania zone (Korea and Australia), and Brazil. According to the age levels in the study, they range from U-17 players, U-20 players, College Students, to Seniors. Female professional soccer players cover long distances and perform high-intensity training like male players and that there are differences in movement patterns for each position. Therefore, to improve the performance of female soccer players and prevent injuries, it is necessary to develop training programs that take into account the characteristics of each player and playing position.

Analysis of One-Hole Game Tools in Developing Fine Motor Skills in Early Childhood

Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

One of the child’s fine motor development is influenced by the use of educational games. There are many types of educational games used in stimulating children’s fine motor development. But unfortunately in educational institutions, activities that can stimulate children’s fine motor development are still not optimal, in this case educative game media facilities are still lacking. So that children’s fine motor development is still lacking. This study aims to determine how influential the use of educational game tools with the type of one-hole game is on the fine motor development of preschool children. This study used a quasi experiment design with a pretest and posttest design. The sampling technique used total sampling of 25 children with details of 15 girls and 10 boys and aged 4 years to 6 years. Data collection methods using questionnaires and observation. Assessment using the DENVER II instrument sheet taken from the fine motor measurement aspects. Data analysis used was paired sample t-test 2 samples. The results of the study prove that there is an effect of educational game intervention of one hole game type on fine motor development of preschool children. Based on the results of this study that to stimulate children’s fine motor development, it is necessary to increase the frequency of one-hole games.

Attitude of Taekwondo Coaches Towards Coaching Work and Pedagogical Competence

Jovana Njegovan, Draženko Jorgić — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

The goal of this research was to examine the deeper meaning of the answers of taekwondo coaches about coaching work and pedagogical competence. The research sample was represented by 10 coaches of the Taekwondo Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. For this purpose, a qualitative research, in-depth interview technique, was carried out. In accordance with the specific research questions and qualitative coding methods, four areas and 11 categories with corresponding dimensions were separated in the final version of the code tree. Separated areas are attitude towards sportsmen who experience defeat, praise to sportsmen, forms of sportsmen’s motivation and coach’s attitude towards sportsmen with regard to the age and gender of sportsmen. Based on the responses of taekwondo coaches, it was found out that most coaches are dedicated to coaching work and that they recognize the importance of developing pedagogical competencies in coaching work.

The Influence of Modified One-Hole Game Media in Improving Fine Motor Skills in Early Childhood

Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0200

Fine motor development in children is strongly influenced by children’s play activities, one of which is educational games. There are many types of educational games that can help develop children’s fine motor skills, one of which is the one-hole game. But unfortunately, activities to improve children’s motor development have not been optimized and the frequency is still lower than in previous years. As a result, children’s fine motor development is not optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the use of educational game tools one hole game has on the fine motor development of preschool children. This study used quasi experiment with pre and posttest approach with control. Data collection tools using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire sheet. Data analysis technique using paired-samples t test. The results of the study informed that there was an increase in children’s motor skills after intervention with one hole game in early childhood school in Jugo Village, Jepara Regency. The results showed that the intervention of One Hole Game educational game has a great influence on the fine motor development of preschool children. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, one hole game has an influence on the fine motor development of preschool children. The implication of this study is that parents need to know the right way to stimulate children’s growth and development, namely with one-hole games that provide many good benefits for early childhood.