Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Republika Srpska / Prevencija kongenitalnog hipotireoidizma u Republici Srpskoj

Abstract

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a syndrome hipometabolizma with insufficient production or inadequate action of thyroid hormones. Most infants with normal CH looks and show no signs of hypothyroidism. Unrecognized and not treated in time CH has serious consequences in the psycho-physical development of the newborn are included in the form of mental and physical retardation of varying degrees. CH is not common, the incidence of her 1 / 3000-4000 newborns, but it is important to detect it in time and prevent its consequences. In terms of prevention and early detection in many countries introduced newborn screening at the CH. Screening involves a systematic search of the entire population of newborns specific regions or entire countries, for the diseases that are accessible treatment, which can not be clinically recognized early enough. In Republika Srpska neonatal screening for congenital hipotireize (NSCH) was introduced for all newborns since 2007.
In the world, in order to implement different protocols NSCH concentration measurements Tireo stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) in blood. Measurement of TSH is more specific in the diagnosis of KH, while the more sensitive measurement of T4, but more expensive and less specific in frequent false-positive findings in premature infants and infants with low birth weight. In the Republika Srpska in order to NSCH determines the concentration of TSH in the blood of newborn structural differences of 3-5. days after birth.
A retrospective study of data NS CH in Republika Srpska for the period 2007-2012. year showed that in 24 out of 58 680 infants found elevated TSH, which is a further clinical trial demonstrated the existence of CH. The incidence of CH in Republika Srpska 1/2445, but the ratio is 2: 1 in favor of males, with an unequal representation in municipalities. By introducing timely saplementne therapy (thyroxine) in neonates with CH provided them a normal psychological and physical development, which confirms the importance of NS in diagnosing congenital hypothyroidism.