COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF NECTARINE CULTIVARS AND FORMS WITH DIFFERENT COLORED LEAF PLATE

Abstract

Genotypes of nectarine with red leaves were created in Nikita botanical gardens.
They have commercially valuable properties and biological characteristics (resistance
to powdery mildew, large-fruited, the ability of transmitting the trait of red
leaves with constant result to progeny seed, etc. ). The aim of our researches was to
study the main indicators of photoactivity of leaf apparatus of nectarine with green
and anthocyanin leaves coloration. Investigations have been carried out in 2010-
2015 on intact leaf plates for three cultivars and forms of nectarine with green
leaves – Rubinoviy-8 (control), Chemus, Krymtsuht 53-85 and 2 forms with
anthocyanin coloration of leaf plate (NektadianaKrasnolistnaya 996-88, Krasnola
495-86). Photosynthetic activity was characterized by chlorophyll fluorescence
parameters (Kautsky effect). The content of chlorophyll a and b were determined
by spectrophotometry. The cultivar Rubinoviy-8 and the form - Krasnola 495-86
were selected according to intensity indicators of the primary reactions of
photosynthesis. Anthocyanin forms concede cultivar Rubinoviy-8 in efficiency of
the primary reactions of photosynthesis an average of 48-50%; but they exceed
nectarines Chemus and Krymtsuht 53-85 with green color of leaves of 23-25%.
The efficiency of energy supply in the "dark" reactions of photosynthesis in all
varieties and forms of nectarine maintained within 41-46%. But the further ability
to utilize received energy is most efficiently implemented at the nectarine cultivar
Rubinoviy-8 and form Krasnola 495-86. The forms of red-leaved nectarine in
comparison with traditional cultivars are distinguished by a great potential for
retaining the stability and productivity of the functioning of the photosynthetic
apparatus.