AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L) IN UKRAINE UNDER CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

Abstract

The market for oilseeds in Ukraine is a large segment of the general market for
agricultural products. Mustard (Brassica junceaL) is an oilseed crop that can
restore the optimal ratio of crops in crop rotation and not reduce the rates of
economic activity. Ukraine is among the top ten world leaders in its cultivation.
The warming trends observed over the last 30 years in the world and in Ukraine,
allow growing of mustard throughout the country. Consequently, it became
necessary to develop varietal technologies for growing mustard for specific soil
and climatic conditions. The objective of this research was to develop cultivation
technology for Brassica junceaL in the conditions of the north-eastern foreststeppe
of Ukraine for the first time. We studied the influence of weather conditions
on the peculiarities of growth, development, formation of biomass, photosynthetic
activity, productivity indices, yield, seed quality, oil production, depending on the
variety, sowing time, seeding rates and fertilizer for growing bluish mustard.
According to research results, for the formation of 1.71-1.91 t/ha of bluish mustard
seeds in the conditions of the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine on typical
black soil, the cultivation technology should include: use of seeds of modern highyielding
adapted varieties; start sowing at soil temperature of 4-5 o C at a depth of
10 cm; the rate of fertilizer N30P30K30 (during pre-sowing cultivation) and seeding
rates of the varieties Prima - 1.5 million pieces/ha, and Retro -2.0 million
pieces/ha.