OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF LEAF AND EARLY DISEASES OF WHEAT IN THE TERRITORY OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF LOZNICA

Abstract

Wheat represents one of the most important agricultural crops, the production of which is reflected in its economic and agrotechnical importance. It is used in raw and processed form in human, animal and industrial nutrition. Wheat flour is used to make wheat flour for human consumption. In animals, straw is used for cattle mats, and in industry as a raw material in the production of paper. In the agrotechnical sense, wheat occupies an important place in the crop rotation. In intensive production, the yield is affected by abiotic and biotic factors, and the most important factor affecting the yield is the occurrence of diseases. The symptoms of various leaf diseases and classes of wheat are caused by several different pathogens, which negatively affect the yield of wheat grains. The research was conducted in the Mačva region of Serbia, Loznica municipality in the 2020/2021 growing season. Pathogen identification was carried out on the collected samples, which resulted in the highest percentage of the presence of the sampler disease of fungi from the genus Fusarium, namely Fusarium graminearum as the dominant pathogen of wheat with 85% representation.