Future and development strategy of poultry production

Abstract

The concept of the chapter The future and the strategy of the development of poultry production show the results obtained in analyzing the state and achievements of poultry production in the Republic of Srpska, the Republic of Serbia, the region and the world, with a special emphasis on the influence of the breeding system, that is the keeping and fattening on production and quality of poultry meat and eggs, and therefore the welfare of livestock and environmental protection according to EU standards. Unlike the Republic of Srpska, EU members are characterized by trends in the increase in all production indicators of poultry production. Also on the basis of literature it can be noticed that significant changes have occurred in poultry production in the world and in EU countries, important criteria have been established aimed at improving the quality of products (meat and eggs), guaranteeing health safety of food, preserves and improves the environment and adheres to the welfare of animals in accordance with ethical standards. Therefore, a large number of countries, regardless of whether they are members of the EU or not, devotes a great deal of attention to bear-keeping systems, with particular emphasis on the welfare of poultry, as is the case in the Republika Srpska. In addition, most authors, domestic and foreign, find that genetic and non-genetic factors (primarily the poultry keeping system) have a significant effect on the productive characteristics of the poultry, and consequently on the production of quality organic meat. At the same time, it can be noticed that the pure races (autochthonous), that is, chicken strains, are increasingly gaining importance in the production of organic (ecological) meat and eggs in many countries of the world in the semi-intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive poultry holders . It is important to note that in the last two decades, in poultry production in the world and in EU countries, under the influence of consumers' demands, there have been noticeable changes. At the same time, with the clear demand of consumers that food is not only cheap and tasty, but also environmentally sound (safe), it is necessary to provide protection of the environment, as well as the welfare of poultry. In this way new challenges have been set in front of poultry producers, ie goals - the production of poultry and eggs of high quality and level of safety, while preserving the welfare of animals, as well as environmental conditions of the environment. In the world, the entire poultry breeding is done through three basic systems, which are extensive, semi-intensive and intense. However, with the development of poultry, there is also a new divide resulting from the above claims, as well as consumers. Namely, the entire poultry is divided into conventional (intensive) and alternative (non-paternal) poultry, which includes the organic production of poultry meat and eggs, which is strictly defined by the rules, laws, regulations and directives for the concerned type of production (meat or eggs) (way) keeping individual categories of livestock. An alternative way of holding the stretcher is that the more intensive breeding is more similar to the natural way of holding the stretcher in order to satisfy all their natural needs. In this way, the welfare of animals is protected, and the productivity and quality of eggs remain at a satisfactory level. In addition, alternative load-bearing systems (floor system, drainage system - free range and organic production) are designed to balance the health and welfare of livestock with the needs of manufacturers, consumers, industry and the environment. When introducing new systems of keeping (alternative), it is necessary to familiarize themselves with the way management and procedures (cultivation technology) are, because they most often involve a high risk for productivity, egg quality and the state of health of the carrier, as well as broiler chickens. In the end, it should be emphasized that the direction of the development of poultry production in the Republic of Srpska should be focused on the inclusion of our production in the world trends defined by the consumer relationship - product quality, new EU regulations - welfare of poultry - environmental protection. The current situation and problems should be addressed through a studious and comprehensive analysis that will be the basis for adopting short-term and longterm strategies, and through appropriate programs from the current unpaid, to design a clearly defined, planned poultry production with particular reference to the possibility of developing programs from other branches of poultry production and the development of organic production. In general, it is very important to raise awareness in our country about the health and safety of foods, which can be achieved by permanent education of producers and consumers, so we hope that the production of eggs and poultry meat will be successfully developed in the future in accordance with all the above mentioned requirements.