IMPACT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS ON THE OVERALL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7251/COMEN1302094KAbstract
In this paper we analyze the impact of the renewable energy sources on the overall electric power system of the Republic of Macedonia. Specifically, the effect of the photovoltaic power plants is examined. For this purpose we developed an electricity production optimization model, based on standard network flow model. The renewable energy sources are included in the model of Macedonia based on hourly meteorological data. Electricity producers that exist in 2012 are included in the base scenario. Two more characteristic years are analyzed, i.e. 2015 and 2020. The electricity producers planned to be constructed in these two years (which include the renewable energy sources) are also included. The results show that the renewable energy sources introduce imbalance in the system when the minimum electricity production is higher than the electricity required by the consumers. But, in these critical situations the production from photovoltaic energy sources is zero, which means that they produce electricity during the peak load, and do not produce when the consumption is at minimum.References
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[4] Energy Community, Energy Community Ministerial Council adopts Renewable Energy 2020 targets” 18 Oct 2012. Available at: http://www.energy-community.org/portal/page/portal/ENC_HOME/NEWS/News_Details?p_new_id=6342. Accessed: December, 2, 2013
[5] P. Luickx, E. Delarue and W. D'haeseleer, Considerations on the backup of wind power: Operational backup”, Applied Energy, Vol. 85−9 (2008) 787−799.
[6] H. Selanduray, M.H. Boosroh, Power plant optimization in a regulated environment electricity supply industry: A least cost generation approach, Power and Energy Conference, 2008. PECon 2008. IEEE 2nd International, pp. 1245−1250.
[7] O. Ibrahima, F. Fardouna, R. Younesb and H. Louahlia-Gualousc, Energy status in Lebanon and electricity generation reform plan based on cost and pollution optimization, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 20 (2013) 255−278.
[8] A. Rentizelas and D. Georgakellos, Incorporating life cycle external cost in optimization of the electricity generation mix, Energy Policy, In Press, Corrected Proof — Note to users, Available online 28 October 2013. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421513010458
[9] Q. Zhang, B. C. Mclellan, T. Tezuka and K. N. Ishihara, An integrated model for long-term power generation planning toward future smart electricity systems, Applied Energy, Vol. 112 (2013) 1424−1437.
[10] A. Quelhas, E. Gil, J.D. McCalley, S.M. Ryan, A Multiperiod Generalized Network Flow Model of the U.S. Integrated Energy System, Part I - Model Description”, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 22−2 (2007) 829−836.
[11] A. Quelhas, E. Gil, J. D. McCalley, S. M. Ryan, A Multiperiod Generalized Network Flow Model of the U.S. Integrated Energy System, Part II – Simulation Results, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 22−2 (2007) 837−844.
[12] DATEANDTIME.INFO, http://dateandtime.info/citysunrisesunset.php?id=785842
[13] Sunrise and sunset in Skopje, Time and date, http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/astronomy.html?n=673
[14] Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Macedonia, Strategy for Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources in the Republic of Macedonia by 2020, Skopje 2010. Available at: http://iceim.manu.edu.mk/Documents/ICEIM/Strategies/Strategy%20for%20utilization%20RES.pdf
[15] Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Program for realization of the energy development strategy in the Republic of Macedonia for the period 2013 – 2017, Available at: http://iceim.manu.edu.mk/Documents/ICEIM/Strategies/Programa%20Eng%20MANU%20final5%20Gary.pdf
[16] International Energy Agency, Projected Costs of Generating Electricity, 2010 Edition, Available at: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/energymodel/ProjectedCostsofGeneratingElectricity2010.pdf
[17] Ministry of Economy, Strategy for energy development in the Republic of Macedonia until 2030, 2010, URL: http://www.ea.gov.mk/projects/unece/docs/legislation/Macedonian_Energy_Strategy_until_2030_adopted.pdf
[18] Energy Regulatory Commission of the Republic of Macedonia, http://www.erc.org.mk/default_en.aspx
[19] AD MEPSO (Electricity Transmission System Operator of Macedonia), http://mepso.com.mk/en-us/Default.aspx
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2013-12-01
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