DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE HUMAN SKIN DETECTOR BASED ON ACTIVE INFRARED ILLUMINATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7251/COMEN1202131UAbstract
A portable human skin detector based on a human skin index, NDHI, is introduced in this paper. The aim of system is at the safe, real-time and robust detection of human skin under various illumination conditions by the combination of the active pulse il-lumination of two low power LEDs, i.e. 1070 and 1550nm, with high frequency and the phase sensitive detection. The detection performance of the proposed system is evaluated under clear sky and in dark placeReferences
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[14] A. Bashkatov, E. Genina, V. Kochubey, and V. Tuchin, Optical properties of human skin, subcutaneous and mucous tissues in the wavelength range from 400 to 2000 nm, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 38 (2005) 2543−2555.
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[19] D. Chen, J. Huang, and T. J. Jackson, Vegetation water content estimation for corn and soybeans using spectral indices derived from MOD-IS near- and short-wave infrared bands, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 98 (2005) 225−236.
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[2] R. R. Anderson and J. A. Parrish, The Optics of Human Skin, J Investig Dermatol, Vol. 77 (1981) 13−19.
[3] E. Salomatina, B. Jiang, J. Novak, and A. N. Yaroslavsky, Optical properties of normal and cancerous human skin in the visible and near-infrared spectral range, Journal of Biomedical Op-tics, Vol. 11 (2006) 064026-9.
[4] M. Doi and S. Tominaga, Spectral esti-mation of human skin color using the Kubelka-Munk theory, SPIEIST Electronic Imaging, Vol. 5008 (2003) 221−228.
[5] S. T. Flock, M. S. Patterson, B. C. Wil-son, and D. R. Wyman, Monte Carlo modeling of light propagation in highly scattering tissue--I: Model predictions and comparison with diffusion theory, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineer-ing, Vol. 36 (1989) 1162−8.
[6] I. S. Saidi, S. L. Jacques, and F. K. Tittel, Mie and Rayleigh modeling of visible-light scatter-ing in neonatal skin, Appl. Opt., Vol. 34 (1995) 7410−7418.
[7] A. N. Yaroslavsky, P. C. Schulze, I. V. Yaroslavsky, R. Schober, F. Ulrich, and H. J. Schwarzmaier, Optical properties of selected native and coagulated human brain tissues in vitro in the visible and near infrared spectral range, Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 47 (2002) 2059-2073.
[8] S. L. Jacques, Origins of tissue optical properties in the UVA, Visible, and NIR regions, OSA TOPS on Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration, Vol. 2 (1996) 364−370.
[9] A. S. Nunez, A Physical Model of Human Skin and Its Application for Search and Rescue, PhD, Graduate School of Engineering and Manage-ment, AIR Force Institute of technology, Ohio 2009.
[10] G. Zonios, J. Bykowski, and N. Kollias, Skin melanin, hemoglobin, and light scattering properties can be quantitatively assessed in vivo using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, The Journal of investigative dermatology, Vol. 117 (2001) 1452−1457.
[11] L. Kou, D. Labrie, and P. Chylek, Re-fractive indices of water and ice in the 0.65- to2.5-μm spectral range, Applied Optics, Vol. 32 (1993) 3531-3540.
[12] D. M. Wieliczka, S. Weng, and M. R. Querry, Wedge shaped cell for highly absorbent liq-uids: infrared optical constants of water, Applied Optics, Vol. 28 (1989) 1714−1719.
[13] K. A. Martin, Direct measurement of moisture in skin by NIR spectroscopy, Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, Vol. 261 (1993) 249−261.
[14] A. Bashkatov, E. Genina, V. Kochubey, and V. Tuchin, Optical properties of human skin, subcutaneous and mucous tissues in the wavelength range from 400 to 2000 nm, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 38 (2005) 2543−2555.
[15] B. C. Gao, NDWI-A normalized differ-ence water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space, Remote Sensing of Envi-ronment, Vol. 58 (1996) 257−266.
[16] J. A. Gamon, J. Penuelas, and C. B. Field, A narrow-waveband spectral index that tracks diurnal changes in photosynthetic efficiency, Re-mote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 41 (1992) 35−44.
[17] J. W. Rouse, R. H. Haas, J. A. Schell, and D. W. Deering, Monitoring vegetation systems in the Great Plains with ERTS, Proceedings of the Third ERTS Symposium, 1973, 309−317.
[18] R. Fensholt and I. Sandholt, Derivation of a shortwave infrared water stress index from MODIS near- and shortwave infrared data in a se-miarid environment, Remote Sensing of Environ-ment, Vol. 87 (2003) 111−121.
[19] D. Chen, J. Huang, and T. J. Jackson, Vegetation water content estimation for corn and soybeans using spectral indices derived from MOD-IS near- and short-wave infrared bands, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 98 (2005) 225−236.
[20] I. E. Commission, Safety of laser prod-ucts, in Part 1: Equipment classification and re-quirements vol. IEC 60825-1, ed: International Elec-trotechnical Commission, 2007.
[21] P. A. Temple, An introduction to phase-sensitive amplifiers: An inexpensive student instru-ment, American Journal of Physics, Vol. 43 (1975) 801−801.
[22] H. Akbari and Y. Kosugi, Hyperspectral Imaging: a New Modality in Surgery, in Recent Ad-vances in Biomedical Engineering, G. R. Naik, Ed., ed: InTech, 2009, 223−240.
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2013-02-26
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