INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN METAL ELECTRODES ON CONTIGUOUS SOLUTE-FREE ZONES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7251/COMEN1301001CAbstract
Earlier, we reported solute-free “exclusion zones” in aqueous media next to various metal surfaces. Here we explore the effect of connecting zinc, which ordinarily shows a large exclusion zone, to platinum, which ordinarily does not. We found the connecting the two metals diminished the exclusion zone next to zinc, while it increased the exclusion zone next to platinum. Disconnecting resulted in return to control values. These effects were largest when the metals were juxtaposed relatively closely, and became smaller with increasing separation. The underlying mechanisms are considered.
References
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[2] A. Henderson, The interaction of water with solid surfaces: fundamental aspects revisited, Surf. Sci. Rep. Vol. 46 (2002) 1.
[3] P. Thiel and T. Madey, The interaction of water with solid surfaces: Fundamental aspects, Surf. Sci. Rep. Vol. 7 (1987) 211.
[4] S. Sebastian and G. Axel, Properties of metal-water interfaces studied from first principles, New J. Phys. 11 (2009) 125003.
[5] A. Michaelides, Density functional theory simulations of water-metal interfaces: waltzing waters, a novel 2D ice phase, and more, Appl. Phys. A Vol. 85 ( 2006) 415.
[6] A. Michaelides, A. Alavi and D. King, Insight into H2O-ice adsorption and dissociation on metal surfaces from first-principles simulations, Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 69 (2004) 113404.
[7] S. Meng, E. Wang and S. Gao, Water adsorption on metal surfaces: A general picture from density functional theory studies, Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 69 (2004) 195404.
[8] S. Meng, L. Xu, E. Wang and S. Gao, Vibrational recognition of Hydrogen-bonded water networks on a metal surface, Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 89 (2002) 176104.
[9] M. Toney, J. Howard, J. Richer, G. Borges, J. Gordon, et al. Voltage-dependent ordering of water molecules at an electrode-electrolyte interface, Nature, No. 368 (1994) 444.
[10] M. Ito, Structures of water at electrified interfaces: Microscopic understanding of electrode potential in electric double layers on electrode surfaces, Surf. Sci. Rep. Vol. 63 (2008) 329.
[11] B. Pettinger, M.R. Philpott and J. G. Gordon, Contribution of specifically adsorbed ions, water, and impurities to the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of Ag electrodes, J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 74−2 (1981) 934.
[12] S. Z. Zou, Y. X. Chen, B. W. Mao, B. Ren and Z. Q. Tian, SERS studies on electrode/electrolyte interfacial water I. Ion effects in the negative potential region, J. Electroanal. Chem., 424 (1997) 19.
[13] T. Iwasita and X. Xia, Adsorption of water at Pt (111) electrode in HClO4 solutions. The potential of zero charge, J. Electroanal. Chem., 411 (1996) 95.
[14] K. Ataka and M. Osawa, In Situ Infrared study of water – Sulfate coadsorption on Gold (11 1) in sulfuric acid solutions, Langmuir, 14 (1998) 951.
[15] M. Ito and M. Yamazaki, A new structure of water layer on Cu (111) electrode surface during hydrogen evolution, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 8 (2006) 3623.
[16] G. Ling, In search of the Physical basis of life. New York: Plenum; 1984.
[17] W. Negendank, Studies of ions and water in human lymphocytes, BiochimBiophysActa, Vol 694−2 (1982) 123.
[18] P. M. Wiggins, Role of water in some biological processes, Microbiol. Rev. Vol. 54 (1990) 432.
[19] J. Zheng, W. C. Chin, E. Khijniak and G. H. Pollack, Surfaces and interfacial water: Evidence that hydrophilic surfaces have long-range impact, Adv. Colloid Int Sci. Vol. 127 (2006) 19.
[20] J. Zheng and G. H. Pollack, Water and the Cell: Solute exclusion and potential distribution near hydrophilic surfaces; Springer: Netherlands, 2006, pp 165−174.
[21] J. Zheng, A. Wexler and G. H. Pollack, Effect of buffers on aqueous solute-exclusion zones around ion-exchange resins, J. Colloid Interface Sci. Vol. 332−2 (2009) 511−4.
[22] G. H. Pollack, J. Clegg, Phase Transitions in Cell Biology: Unexpected linkage between unstirred layers, exclusion zone, and water, Springer: New York, 2008, pp143-152.
[23] B. Chai, J. Zheng, Q. Zhao and G. H. Pollack, Spectroscopic studies of solutes in aqueous solution, J. Phys. Chem. A, Vol. 112−11 (2008) 2242−7.
[24] B. Chai, Y. Hyok and G. H. Pollack, Effect of Radiant Energy on Near-surface water, J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 113−42 (2009) 13953−13958.
[25] B. Chaiand G. H. Pollack, Solute-free interfacial zones in polar liquids, J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 114−16 (2010) 5371−5375.
[26] B. Chai, A. G. Mahtani and G. H. Pollack, Unexpected presence of solute-free zones at Metal-water interfaces, Contemporary Materials, Vol. III-1 (2012) 1−12.
[27] Y. Gohda, S. Schnur and A. Groβ, Influence of water on elementary reaction steps in electrocatalysis, Faraday Discussions, 140, 233, 2008.
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2013-06-01
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