CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED NANOMATERIALS FOR POTENTIAL DENTAL APPLICATION

Abstract

Introduction: Biocompatibility is an essential feature of any dental material. Few materials can be said to be biologically inert since most contain potentially harmful or irritating ingredients. This study aimed to determine the cytocompatibility of newly synthesized nanomaterials based on calcium aluminates and calcium silicates for potential dental applications.
Material and methods: The cytotoxicity of calcium aluminate-based nanomaterials (ALBO-CA), calcium silicate (ALBO-CS) and calcium silicate hydroxyapatite (ALBO-CSHA) was examined using the MTT test on the human line of human fibroblasts (MRC-5) according to ISO standard (ISO 10993- 5: 2009) in comparison with the calcium aluminate cements EndoBinder (Binder was, São Carlos, SP, Brazil). For the analysis, the eluates of the investigated materials in the growth medium were diluted to a concentration of 4.7, 9.4, 18.8, 37.5 and 75, 0 mg. Qualitative verification of results was performed by a light microscope (Carl Zeiss). The mean values and standard deviations of the MTT test results were done in Microsoft Excel.
Results: All tested concentrations of ALBO-CA, ALBO-CS, and EndoBinder resulted in a high survival of cells in culture. The strongest cytotoxic effect was ALBO-CSHA with IC50 = 46.44 after the first cycle of testing; IC50 = 55.52 after the second cycle; or IC50 = 55.42 after the third repetition of the MTT test.
Conclusion: ALBO-CA and ALBO-CS nanomaterials have shown a cytocompatible effect comparable to EndoBinder. The obtained results are certainly encouraged to continue researching these materials in the future and other experimental and clinical studies.
Keywords: nanomaterials, calcium aluminates, calcium silicates, cytotoxicity.