Anemia in Female Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Team and Individual Sports with Discipline-Specific Risks

Abstract

This study examined the prevalence of anemia among female athletes in team ball sports (volleyball, soccer, and basketball) and individual sports (karate, dance, and athletics) aged 11 to 35. The results showed no statistically significant difference in anemia prevalence between athletes in team sports (2.15%) and individual sports (1.73%). Older female athletes (19–35 years) demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of anemia compared to younger athletes (11–18 years), regardless of the type of sport. Within the individual sports group, significant differences were observed, with track and field athletes showing a higher anemia prevalence (7.14%) compared to athletes in karate and dance. These findings suggest that the type of sport does not significantly influence anemia risk, but specific disciplines with high aerobic demands, such as athletics, carry a higher risk. The study highlights the need for targeted approaches to anemia prevention and monitoring based on the sport and physical demands of individual disciplines.