The Influence of Training Facility Management, Injury Risk Perception, and Self-Efficacy on Wushu Technical Performance

Abstract

Technical performance in wushu arises from the interplay of psychological factors, training-environment management, and safety perceptions. This study examined the effects of training facility management, injury risk perception, and self-efficacy on technical performance. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional correlational survey included 153 purposively selected participants. Data were collected with 4-point Likert scales. Item validity used Pearson’s product–moment (r_calculated > r_table = 0.159; N = 153), and reliability used Cronbach’s α (0.869–0.963). Multiple linear regression (α = 0.05) in SPSS 25 tested effects. Results: The model was strong and significant (R = 0.833; R² = 0.694; adjusted R² = 0.688; F(3,149) = 112.777; p < 0.001), indicating that 69.4% of performance variance was jointly explained by the three predictors. Self-efficacy showed a positive, substantive effect (B = 0.897; β = 0.805; t = 14.963; p < 0.001) and was the dominant predictor. Training facility management and injury risk perception did not exhibit significant direct effects at the 5% level (B = 0.023; p = 0.665; B = 0.041; p = 0.434). Conclusions: Self-efficacy is the principal lever for improving technical performance, whereas facility quality and risk perception likely act indirectly through session quality, feedback intensity, and a supportive learning climate. Practical implications suggest graded mastery experiences, expert modelling, and criterion-referenced video feedback to strengthen competence beliefs and skill transfer. Limitations relate to the cross-sectional design, which restricts causal inference. Future research should test mediating and moderating pathways via structural equation modelling and multilevel approaches, employ video- or standardised-judge-based assessments for greater objectivity, and adopt longitudinal or experimental designs to map mechanisms more precisely in wushu athletes.