An Examınatıon of the Effect of Socıoeconomıc Status on Young People’s Partıcıpatıon in Sport

Abstract

This meta-analytical study examined the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on organised sport participation among young people aged 6–18 years. Following the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, six eligible studies published between 2010 and 2025 were synthesised. The random-effects model indicated that higher SES significantly increased both the likelihood (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.32–2.22) and duration of participation (SMD = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.07–0.32). Moderate heterogeneity (I² = 64.3%) reflected contextual variability across studies. Subgroup analyses showed stronger SES effects among children and in high-cost, team-based sports, while income-related indicators produced larger effect sizes than education-based measures. Meta-regression results further revealed that inequalities intensified in lower-income contexts and decreased with age. Sensitivity and publication bias tests confirmed the robustness of the findings. Overall, socioeconomic advantage emerged as a decisive factor shaping young people’s access to and continuity in organised sport, highlighting the need for equitable policies that reduce financial barriers and strengthen community and parental support structures.