Ecological and Phytogeographical Characteristics of the Weed Flora in the Lijevče Plain

Abstract

In this paper it is given review and basic characteristics of the weed flora in the Lijevče plain: ecological index values, biological spectrum and spectrum of areal types. Floristic researches of the weed flora in the Lijevčeplain were conducted on 61 localities in crops and perennial planting. The researches were conducted during the two vegetation seasons (2013. and 2014.) It is determined that there are 163 types of the vascular flora, classified in 122 genus and 39 families. According to the ecological indicator values for some ecological factors, the habitat can be characterized as medium moist, neutral to light acid stock, soil that is medium rich in minerals and favorable light and temperature regime of that habitat. Seven life forms make the biological spectrum in which the most dominant ones are: hemicryptophytes (37,42%), therophytes (22,09%), therophytes–chamaephytic (19,63%), and geophytes (15,95%). Regardless the fact that Geophytes species are less present; because of the biological characteristics they are very important and represent the big issue in the weed control. By phytogeoraphical analysis 23 floral elements are constituted and among them the most present are: Eurasian (19,2%), sub Central European (17,79%), sub Eurasian (17,18%), Cosmopolitan (11,64%), and Adventitious (9,20%), and together they make 122 species. Among the Adventitious especially significant are the invasive ones: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Helianthus tuberosus L. and Abutilon theophrasti Medic. which suppress the autochthonous species with their aggression, and they spread out even more, and even form monodominant communities. In regard to the previous researches the large floristic, ecological and phytogeographical wealth of the weed flora is expressed which indicates the need of finding the proper measures of the weed control which were not adequate according to the obtained results. Detailed overview of the weed flora represents the start point for taking the measures of the weed control.